Mobile cell surface receptors allow a cell to sense its environment and respond to it. For many receptors signaling is initiated when receptorsare aggregated. Receptoraggregation is brought about when multivalent ligands bridge two or more receptorsor when receptorson one cell bind to ligands onanother cell causing the accumulation of receptorsin the contact region. Aggregation of receptors is rapidly followed by phosphorylation of sites on the cytoplasmic domains of the receptors as well as on other proteins. Some of these sites become binding sites for other signaling molecules, which can lead to the formation of large protein complexes, while other sites of phosphorylation regulate protein function. Because proteins can be modified at multiple sites and can combine in multiple ways, the number of possible distinct protein complexes that may participate in a cell signaling cascade can be huge ? a phenomenon called combinational complexity. We have created software that can automatically handle combinatorial complexity and used it to build a detailed model of the initial signaling events mediated by FctRI, a key receptor in allergic reactions. This model contains the reactions involving a bivalent ligand, FcsRI,two kinases, Lyn and Syk, and a pool of phosphatases. The model predicts how the expression levels of these proteins affect the strength of signaling, enabling comparisonwith clinical data on the levels of protein expression invarious effector cells. Building on this work we will extend the model, adding the kinases, Fyn,which associates with FcERI, and Csk, which regulates the activity of Lyn and Fyn, as well as Csk-binding protein, a Lyn substrate that regulates Csk. In addition we will add LAT, Grb2 and Sos1, which form extended complexes posing a major computational challenge. Working closely with experimental collaborators we will add additional components as needed. The models we develop serve to rigorously test ideas about biological mechanisms, aid in analyzing experiments, determine parameter values, suggest new experiments and identifiy possible sites for therapeutic intervention. With the experience we have gained from modeling FceRI signaling we will build mechanistic models of two other Fc receptors, FcyRllb which, when co-crosslinked with FceRI, acts as an inhibitory receptor and FcyRllla, the receptor on Natural Killer cells that mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The work we propose is health related, bearing on allergic disease and on the mode of action of monoclonal antibodies and immunoadhesinsthat are used as drugs to target tumor cells and cells driving autoimmune diseases.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Method to Extend Research in Time (MERIT) Award (R37)
Project #
5R37GM035556-27
Application #
7886775
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (NSS)
Program Officer
Marino, Pamela
Project Start
1985-04-01
Project End
2013-06-30
Budget Start
2010-07-01
Budget End
2011-06-30
Support Year
27
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$726,913
Indirect Cost
Name
Los Alamos National Lab
Department
Type
DUNS #
175252894
City
Los Alamos
State
NM
Country
United States
Zip Code
87545
López, Cesar A; Sethi, Anurag; Goldstein, Byron et al. (2015) Membrane-mediated regulation of the intrinsically disordered CD3? cytoplasmic tail of the TCR. Biophys J 108:2481-2491
Hu, Bin; Liao, Hua-Xin; Alam, S Munir et al. (2014) Estimating the probability of polyreactive antibodies 4E10 and 2F5 disabling a gp41 trimer after T cell-HIV adhesion. PLoS Comput Biol 10:e1003431
Tian, Jianhui; Sethi, Anurag; Swanson, Basil I et al. (2013) Taste of sugar at the membrane: thermodynamics and kinetics of the interaction of a disaccharide with lipid bilayers. Biophys J 104:622-32
Sethi, Anurag; Anunciado, Divina; Tian, Jianhui et al. (2013) Deducing conformational variability of intrinsically disordered proteins from infrared spectroscopy with Bayesian statistics. Chem Phys 422:
Tian, Jianhui; Sethi, Anurag; Anunciado, Divina et al. (2012) Characterization of a disordered protein during micellation: interactions of ýý-synuclein with sodium dodecyl sulfate. J Phys Chem B 116:4417-24
Barua, Dipak; Goldstein, Byron (2012) A mechanistic model of early Fc?RI signaling: lipid rafts and the question of protection from dephosphorylation. PLoS One 7:e51669
Nag, Ambarish; Monine, Michael; Perelson, Alan S et al. (2012) Modeling and simulation of aggregation of membrane protein LAT with molecular variability in the number of binding sites for cytosolic Grb2-SOS1-Grb2. PLoS One 7:e28758
Gutenkunst, Ryan N; Coombs, Daniel; Starr, Toby et al. (2011) A biophysical model of cell adhesion mediated by immunoadhesin drugs and antibodies. PLoS One 6:e19701
Chylek, Lily A; Hu, Bin; Blinov, Michael L et al. (2011) Guidelines for visualizing and annotating rule-based models. Mol Biosyst 7:2779-95
Sethi, Anurag; Goldstein, Byron; Gnanakaran, S (2011) Quantifying intramolecular binding in multivalent interactions: a structure-based synergistic study on Grb2-Sos1 complex. PLoS Comput Biol 7:e1002192

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