The business objective of Aeon Respire, and the purpose of this SBIR Project, is to execute key steps towards repurposing niclosamide as a new asthma treatment. The therapeutic rationale for these studies is based on initial findings that niclosamide inhibits an ion channel that is pivotal for airway smooth muscle contraction and mucin hypersecretion. Both of these pathologic processes contribute to airway narrowing and are considered, in addition to inflammation, as the core features of asthma. Existing medications fail to adequately relieve airway narrowing in more severe, treatment refractory patients. In particular, the efficacy of inhaled beta-agonists is compromised at a cellular level by both repeat use desensitization and the indirect effects of inflammation. Therefore, there is need for new treatment approaches. TMEM16A is a calcium-activated chloride channel that regulates calcium signaling in the airways and is required for airway smooth muscle contraction. Niclosamide is an FDA-approved oral drug originally discovered decades ago and safely used as an anti-helminth. It was recently identified in a high throughput unbiased screen as a specific TMEM16A inhibitor. Niclosamide fully relaxes contracted airways via this mechanism and resists desensitization pathways that undermine the effectiveness of beta-agonists. It also reduces mucin release induced by asthma- associated activation signals. TMEM16A inhibition with repurposed niclosamide is therefore an attractive new asthma treatment approach and will benefit from the drug?s established human safety record. Niclosamide, however, has poor bioavailability and is unlikely to reach TMEM16A in the airways through oral dosing. The first objective of the project is to reformulate niclosamide through particle engineering to enable inhaled dosing. The next objective is to use the new formulation in inhalation studies to confirm the drug reaches its target locally and will open airways provoked by a contractile agent. Additional studies will establish the pharmacokinetic and initial toxicologic profile of inhaled niclosamide. These studies are crucial to test the scientific hypothesis that inhibiting TMEM16A in the airways is a safe and effective approach to open obstructed airways. They also represent important steps required to move the project closer to discussions with the FDA, filing an IND and testing in human studies.
Completion of this project will achieve important drug repurposing milestones and test the therapeutic hypothesis that TMEM16A inhibition will safely open obstructed airways. It builds on the discovery of an exciting new asthma target by positioning the repurposed drug niclosamide for inhalation and generating in vivo proof of concept.
