Human autoinflammatory syndromes represent a diverse set of diseases, including hereditary periodic fevers (HPF), Type 1 diabetes and gout, which are characterized by overexpression of IL-1β in the absence of recognized inflammatory stimuli. IL-1β is made by myeloid cells in a two-step process involving TLR induced production of pro-IL-1β followed by cleavage into mature IL-β by caspase-1 in a cytoplasmic multi-protein complex called the inflammasome. In addition to caspase-1 and the adaptor protein ASC, the inflammasome contains an NLR protein that acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of pathogens or host cell damage. While all known inflammasome associated NLRs are thought to promote IL-1β secretion, our published and preliminary studies suggest that another NLR protein, NLRP12, is a novel member of the inflammasome complex and functions to inhibit IL-1β production. Our studies suggest a mechanism by which loss-of-function mutations in NLRP12, which are associated with the autoinflammatory syndrome HPF, result in inflammasome hyperactivation and uncontrolled IL- 1β secretion. Nlrp12-/- mice housed in standard facilities, but not Nlrp12-/- mice housed in a reduced pathogen environment, displayed significantly increased levels of IL-1β relative to wild type mice at baseline, suggesting that IL-1β expression in Nlrp12-/- mice is triggered by minimal stimuli. In a murine model of asthma, Nlrp12-/- mice display increased lung inflammation characterized by recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lungs and lymph nodes, increased cytokine expression including IFNg and IL-17 which is suggestive of Th1 and Th17 T cell skewing, and increased airway hyperactivity. In a pulmonary Cryptococcus fungal infection model, Nlrp12-/- mice had significantly elevated levels of IL-1β in the lung, increased lung inflammation, lower fungal burden, and increased dendritic cell numbers in the lymph nodes. In biochemical studies, we made the novel observation that NLRP12 associates with inflammasome proteins ASC, NLRP3, and caspase-1. In this proposal, we will test our hypothesis that NLRP12 normally inhibits IL-1β and IL-18 production by myeloid cells by competing with or inhibiting the activity of stimulatory NLRs in the inflammasome, and that an increase in IL-1β and/or IL-18 production by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in NLRP12-/- mice leads to increased inflammation and increased Th1 and Th17 polarized T cell responses.
In Aim 1 we will determine the mechanism by which NLRP12 inhibits IL-1β by examining the protein associations of NLRP12 within the inflammasome.
In Aim 2 we will determine the mechanisms by which NLRP12 deficiency leads to increases in complex immune responses.

Public Health Relevance

When completed our studies will determine the mechanism by which NLRP12 inhibits IL-1b production and generally contribute to our understanding of the importance of negative regulators of autoinflammation.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
High Priority, Short Term Project Award (R56)
Project #
1R56AI089756-01
Application #
8077002
Study Section
Innate Immunity and Inflammation Study Section (III)
Program Officer
Bourcier, Katarzyna
Project Start
2010-07-01
Project End
2012-02-29
Budget Start
2010-07-01
Budget End
2012-02-29
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$392,500
Indirect Cost
Name
Duke University
Department
Anatomy/Cell Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
044387793
City
Durham
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27705
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Inoue, Makoto; Williams, Kristi L; Oliver, Timothy et al. (2012) Interferon-? therapy against EAE is effective only when development of the disease depends on the NLRP3 inflammasome. Sci Signal 5:ra38
Athearn, Kathleen; Sample, Christopher J; Barefoot, Brice E et al. (2012) Acute reactogenicity after intramuscular immunization with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus is linked to production of IL-1?. PLoS One 7:e46516
Inoue, Makoto; Williams, Kristi L; Gunn, Michael D et al. (2012) NLRP3 inflammasome induces chemotactic immune cell migration to the CNS in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:10480-5
Osawa, Ryosuke; Williams, Kristi L; Singh, Nina (2011) The inflammasome regulatory pathway and infections: role in pathophysiology and clinical implications. J Infect 62:119-29