The extracellular matrix (ECM) has been viewed as a static three dimensional scaffold that supports cells and tissues. However, our recent molecular imaging studies in living osteoblasts have shown that the ECM is highly dynamic and that ECM molecules form structures that continually undergo movement and deformation, mediated by cell-generated mechanical forces. These studies also suggest a novel role for cell movement in ECM assembly and reorganization. Fibronectin is one of the earliest proteins to be assembled into the ECM and facilitates assembly of other matrix proteins. In the previous funding cycle, using fibronectin null cell culture models and targeted gene deletion in osteoblasts, it was shown that fibronectin is essential for assembly of multiple bone ECM components, including type I collagen, fibrillin-1, Latent TGFβbinding protein-1, decorin and biglycan and is also required for normal mineralization. Fibronectin depletion also inhibits osteoblast differentiation. Fibronectin?s effects on differentiation can be rescued by supplementation with BMP2, whereas its effects on ECM assembly and mineralization cannot, suggesting that fibronectin may regulate osteoblast differentiation via ECM targeting of osteogenic growth factors. Based on these observations, the proposed studies are centered around two main hypotheses. The first is that fibronectin is a multifunctional regulator of osteoblast function through its effects as a central orchestrator for assembly of bone ECM proteins and through its role in ECM regulation of growth factor activity. The second is that dynamic cell movement is essential for the assembly and reorganization of bone ECM proteins. To test these hypotheses, in vitro and in vivo approaches will be used in combination with live cell imaging.
Aim 1 will define the cascade of assembly of bone ECM proteins and its integration with cell and matrix dynamics. This will be done using fibronectin null osteoblast models in conjunction with live cell molecular imaging of bone ECM proteins and quantification of cell and fibril dynamics by computational analysis.
Aim 2 will further define the role of fibronectin in osteoblast differentiation through regulation of osteogenic signaling pathways. Live cell imaging techniques will also be used with osteoblast/osteocyte lineage reporters and fluorescent probes for ECM components to determine how osteoblast differentiation is dynamically integrated with ECM assembly and reorganization.
Aim 3 will use novel imaging probes to determine the dynamics of collagen assembly into the ECM of osteoblasts and the role of fibronectin in collagen deposition in vitro and in vivo. The studies will provide fundamental insights, from a dynamic perspective, into the mechanisms of assembly of bone ECM and how the ECM regulates osteoblast function. The data generated will significantly advance our understanding of the molecular and dynamic mechanisms underlying bone formation and have key implications for skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis, arthritis, osteogenesis imperfecta and bone diseases related to ECM proteins.
This research is relevant to public health as it will provide highly novel insights into the dynamic processes by which the bone extracellular matrix (i.e. the protein scaffold outside the cells onto which mineral is deposited) is assembled. We will for the first time dynamically image the assembly process by which key bone matrix proteins are deposited in living bone cells and determine how the motile properties of the cells contribute to the building of the protein scaffold for mineral deposition. As these studies will significantly advance our mechanistic understanding the process of bone formation, the research has implications for treatment of osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta and metabolic bone diseases.
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| Dallas, Sarah L; Prideaux, Matthew; Bonewald, Lynda F (2013) The Osteocyte: An Endocrine Cell and More. Endocr Rev : |
| Dallas, Sarah L; Veno, Patricia A (2012) Live imaging of bone cell and organ cultures. Methods Mol Biol 816:425-57 |
| Lu, Yongbo; Yuan, Baozhi; Qin, Chunlin et al. (2011) The biological function of DMP-1 in osteocyte maturation is mediated by its 57-kDa C-terminal fragment. J Bone Miner Res 26:331-40 |
| Dallas, Sarah L; Bonewald, Lynda F (2010) Dynamics of the transition from osteoblast to osteocyte. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1192:437-43 |
