TITLE Identification of novel safe harbors to be used in a gene editing strategy for the treatment of hemophilia A Project Summary Hemophilia A is a hereditary blood disorder caused by the loss of the functional coagulation factor, factor VIII (fVIII). Prophylactic administration of recombinant fVIII can alleviate blood loss with relatively small amounts of circulating fVIII protein in the bloodstream. However, the current treatment is invasive and expensive, costing upwards of $300,000 per year. In addition, up to 30% of severe hemophilia A patients develop inactivating antibodies to fVIII rendering the current therapy ineffective. As a monogenic disorder, hemophilia A is a promising candidate for gene therapy with a relatively large therapeutic window. Yet, a major barrier to developing gene therapy protocols for hemophilia A has been achieving sufficient expression from fVIII transgenes in a safe controllable manner. In addition, gene therapy protocols for hemophilia A overlook the immunosensitive patient population. In order to combat these shortcomings, we intend to utilize a non-viral genome editing method that will safely control integration and target a high- expression fVIII transgene (HPFVIII) to a specific location in the genome. By exploiting the repair mechanism of homologous recombination, the CRISPR-Cas9 system will be utilized to edit the genome of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Two active loci, the 1) RhD locus and the 2) von Willebrand Factor (vWF) locus, will be evaluated, one for each hemophilia A subpopulation (those without neutralizing antibodies and those containing neutralizing antibodies). Since the RhD locus is disrupted in a substantial portion of the general population and found to be phenotypically asymptomatic, this location in the genome is optimal for addition of an exogenous gene. These studies will confirm the utilization of the RhD locus as a safe harbor extending the application of this study beyond treating individuals with hemophilia A without neutralizing antibodies. The vWF locus, on the other hand, is an attractive locus for the integration of HPFVIII for the correction of hemophilia A in immunosensitive patients. This is due to the confinement of vWF to the ? granules of platelets. Thus HPFVIII, if regulated by the same regulatory elements as vWF, would be safely sequestered from the immune system in the granules of platelets until physiologically necessary. These studies will confirm that the sequestration of HPFVIII in platelets is feasible for the treatment of hemophilia A patients that produce inhibitors. In this manner, two novel gene editing protocols for the treatment of the entire hemophilia A population will be evaluated.
The current treatment option for individuals with Hemophilia A is not ideal in that it is invasive, expensive, and ineffective in thirty percent of severe patients due to the development of neutralizing antibodies to the prophylactically administered recombinant fVIII. We are proposing a non-viral genome editing strategy utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the integration of a high-expression fVIII transgene into two locations in the genome (1) the RhD locus and (2) the vWF locus. These two strategies not only have the potential to cure the two subpopulations of individuals with Hemophilia A (those without neutralizing antibodies and those containing neutralizing antibodies), but also have the potential to be extrapolated to other monogenic hematological disorders.
