Dengue (DENV) has re-emerged in the last 25 years as one of the most significant emerging infectious diseases worldwide, posing a significant category A biodefense threat to the United States with ongoing epidemics in Puerto Rico, and recent outbreaks in Hawaii (2001) and Texas (1999, 2005, 2006). Its global resurgence, while partly explained by changing human demographics, increasing hyperendemicity, and mosquito vector expansions, remains poorly understood, especially with respect to the importance of virus evolution. We fill this critical gap by conducting a comparative evolutionary examination of DENV strains undergoing epidemic expansion, from replicate populations across the Asia-Pacific arena, paired with directed tissue and animal model assays for changes in virus phenotype related to epidemics. Our long-term goal is to resolve how viral genetic change drives disease emergence. The objective of the proposed research is to characterize evolution in dengue viruses isolated from epidemics relative to their endemic forms and confirm the impact of genetic changes in experimental models, the rationale being that identification of such viral genetic changes and their mechanisms of fixation will illuminate determinants of dengue epidemic potential and ultimately pathogenesis.
Specific Aim 1 : Determine the evolution of DENV between endemic and epidemic transmission phases to identify synapomorphies of higher epidemic potential.
Specific Aim 2 : Confirm the relationship between genetic changes in DENV epidemic strains and their phenotypic effects in in vitro models.
Specific Aim 3 : Confirm the relationship between genetic changes in DENV epidemic strains and their phenotypic effects in in vivo models

Public Health Relevance

This research is highly relevant in that by clarifying the evolutionary mechanisms behind increasing epidemic severity in DENV, it elucidates evolution's role in disease emergence in general, especially important given the many vector-borne and zoonotic infectious diseases recently threatening the US (e.g., SARS, West Nile Virus, Avian Influenza, and HIV).

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Specialized Center--Cooperative Agreements (U54)
Project #
2U54AI065359-05
Application #
7675034
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAI1-DDS-M (J2))
Project Start
2009-05-01
Project End
2014-04-30
Budget Start
2009-05-01
Budget End
2010-04-30
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$272,458
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Irvine
Department
Type
DUNS #
046705849
City
Irvine
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92697
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