Our studies are focused on examination of single islet gene expression profiles (transcriptomes) to determine pathways critical to human beta cell death and survival. In preliminary studies we have developed new approaches and protocols that allow laser-capture of individual islets from cryosections of human pancreas, extract the RNA, and obtain comprehensive transcriptomes. Our proposal to the HIRN-CBDS consortium is based on using and expanding these proven protocols to gain deeper insights into islet heterogeneity and differences in gene expression patterns of individual islets from individuals with and without diabetes and with or without serum autoantibodies (AAB). Based on preliminary data in islets from non-diabetic individuals with or without AAB, we hypothesize that islets develop a gene expression signature of """"""""cellular stress"""""""" before the early stages of insuliti. A full characterization of early abnormalities in islet gene expression signatures could point to novel mechanisms of disease and new therapeutic strategies that target islet abnormalities to delay or prevent beta cell death. The use of comprehensive gene expression profiling of thousands of expressed genes will allow a very detailed look at specific pathways and processes. Our proposal has the following specific aims:
Specific Aim 1. To characterize transcriptomes of individual islets in a survey of islets from different regions of the pancreas an from organ donors with or without autoantibodies (AAB) and with or without diabetes. This will provide an unbiased survey of islet gene expression and its heterogeneity.
Specific Aim 2. To characterize transcriptomes of individual islets selected by rapid immuno-laser capture microdissection for the presence or absence of insulin-positive beta cells and presence or absence of CD3 T-cells. In this aim we will obtain expression profiles from islets that have been selected based on multiple fluorescent stains for beta cells and insulitis. We will develop protocols for using rapid immunofluorescence that provide high quality RNA and then directly microdissect islets, across serial sections, based on their staining patterns.
Specific Aim 3. To characterize transcriptomes of individual islets selected for staining patterns of markers of viral presence and metabolic stress. In this aim we will use our newly acquired ability to conduct multiplexed immunofluorescence to define islets with novel complex phenotypes indicative of stress due to viral infections or metabolic stress. In this aim phenotypes will be highly complex and we will stain one tissue section and then capture individual islets of interest from adjacent serial tissue sections. Mechanistic studies using isolated islets will follow from all specific aim as new pathways of cellular destruction or survival are discovered.
This project will develop new insights regarding molecular changes in human islets prior to and after development of type 1 diabetes. These insights could help develop completely new approaches to halt beta cell destruction or enhance survival, based on targeted treatments of islet, rather than immune system, dysfunction.
| Canzano, Joseph S; Nasif, Lith H; Butterworth, Elizabeth A et al. (2018) Islet Microvasculature Alterations With Loss of Beta-cells in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. J Histochem Cytochem :22155418778546 |
| Sanyoura, May; Jacobsen, Laura; Carmody, David et al. (2018) Pancreatic Histopathology of Human Monogenic Diabetes Due to Causal Variants in KCNJ11, HNF1A, GATA6, and LMNA. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103:35-45 |
| Tang, Shiue-Cheng; Jessup, Claire F; Campbell-Thompson, Martha (2018) The Role of Accessory Cells in Islet Homeostasis. Curr Diab Rep 18:117 |
| Waqas, Syed F Hassnain; Hoang, Anh Cuong; Lin, Ya-Tin et al. (2017) Neuropeptide FF increases M2 activation and self-renewal of adipose tissue macrophages. J Clin Invest 127:2842-2854 |
| Philips, Tiffany; Kusmartseva, Irina; Gerling, Ivan C et al. (2017) Factors That Influence the Quality of RNA From the Pancreas of Organ Donors. Pancreas 46:252-259 |
| Michels, Aaron W; Landry, Laurie G; McDaniel, Kristen A et al. (2017) Islet-Derived CD4 T Cells Targeting Proinsulin in Human Autoimmune Diabetes. Diabetes 66:722-734 |
| Newby, Brittney N; Mathews, Clayton E (2017) Type I Interferon Is a Catastrophic Feature of the Diabetic Islet Microenvironment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 8:232 |
| Campbell-Thompson, Martha L; Atkinson, Mark A; Butler, Alexandra E et al. (2017) Re-addressing the 2013 consensus guidelines for the diagnosis of insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: is change necessary? Diabetologia 60:753-755 |
| Campbell-Thompson, Martha; Fu, Ann; Kaddis, John S et al. (2016) Insulitis and ?-Cell Mass in the Natural History of Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 65:719-31 |
| Babon, Jenny Aurielle B; DeNicola, Megan E; Blodgett, David M et al. (2016) Analysis of self-antigen specificity of islet-infiltrating T cells from human donors with type 1 diabetes. Nat Med 22:1482-1487 |
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