Brain Structure and Function in Developmental Neuropsychological Disorders

Rumsey, J M.

Abstract

MRI studies of neuroanatomical correlates of developmental disorders and normal development are currently underway. To date, MRI findings suggest decreased frontal and temporal lobe volumes in severe conduct disorder patients and increased caudate size in patients with Sydenhams chorea. Ongoing MRI studies show trends for reduced midsagittal area measurements of the corpus callosum in ADHD patients and a reduction in the midsagittal area of the brainstem and pons in schizophrenic patients. O-15 PET and MRI studies of OCD are currently underway to test hypotheses of whether generalized anxiety, disgust and obsessional anxiety are different as evidenced by differences in regional cerebral blood flow and if imaginal exposure and in vivo exposure to obsessions are different in the physiological response elicited. Specific ROIs of interest include the anterior cingulate, orbital frontal cortex, and caudate. O15 PET studies of seven calendar calculating savants and 14 normal controls show higher left parietal blood flow at rest than controls. Analysis of activation date to date indicate that during calendar calculation, savants have less left frontal and more right parietal blood flow change.

Funding Agency

• Agency: National Institute of Health (NIH)
• Institute: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
• Type: Intramural Research (Z01)
• Project #: 1Z01MH000178-10
• Application #: 3845149
• Support Year: 10
• Fiscal Year: 1992

Institution

• Name: U.S. National Institute of Mental Health
• Country: United States

Publications

Keller, Audrey; Jeffries, Neal O; Blumenthal, Jonathan et al. (2003) Corpus callosum development in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 62:105-14

Gogtay, Nitin; Sporn, Alexandra; Clasen, Liv S et al. (2003) Structural brain MRI abnormalities in healthy siblings of patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 160:569-71

Chung, Moo K; Worsley, Keith J; Robbins, Steve et al. (2003) Deformation-based surface morphometry applied to gray matter deformation. Neuroimage 18:198-213

Keller, Audrey; Castellanos, F Xavier; Vaituzis, A Catherine et al. (2003) Progressive loss of cerebellar volume in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 160:128-33

Castellanos, F Xavier; Sharp, Wendy S; Gottesman, Rebecca F et al. (2003) Anatomic brain abnormalities in monozygotic twins discordant for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 160:1693-6

Merke, Deborah P; Fields, Jeremy D; Keil, Margaret F et al. (2003) Children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia have decreased amygdala volume: potential prenatal and postnatal hormonal effects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:1760-5

Eckert, Mark A; Leonard, Christiana M; Molloy, Elizabeth A et al. (2002) The epigenesis of planum temporale asymmetry in twins. Cereb Cortex 12:749-55

Castellanos, F Xavier; Lee, Patti P; Sharp, Wendy et al. (2002) Developmental trajectories of brain volume abnormalities in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. JAMA 288:1740-8

Gogtay, Nitin; Giedd, Jay; Rapoport, Judith L (2002) Brain development in healthy, hyperactive, and psychotic children. Arch Neurol 59:1244-8

Thompson, P M; Vidal, C; Giedd, J N et al. (2001) Mapping adolescent brain change reveals dynamic wave of accelerated gray matter loss in very early-onset schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:11650-5