Children and adolescents meeting DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia are available and eleven subjects have participated to date in this study of the phenomenology, neurobiology and pharmacologic response of childhood onset schizophrenia. Diagnostic reliability has been established. One hundred fifty children and adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia have been screened by medical records and 46 patients, appearing to meet DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia with medical record history of onset of psychosis prior to age twelve were interviewed personally. At least three subgroups of DSM-III-R diagnosed schizophrenic children have been hypothesized based on differences in clinical phenomenology. Pilot family/genetic data indicate one case is familial and a second subject had a chromosomal aberration. Autonomic measures parallel adult schizophrenia MRI abnormalities have been found in the brainstem and [18] fluro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET scanning indicates decreased metabolism in the left hippocampus with no hypofrontality. Safety and efficacy of clozapine in this age group is suggested by an open trial in eight subjects and a double-blind haloperidol/clozapine comparison in seven subjects. In a double-blind comparison of desipramine and placebo, children with autistic (n=24) disorder show a selective response to clomipramine supporting a serotonergic disturbance in this disorder.
| Rapoport, Judith; Chavez, Alex; Greenstein, Deanna et al. (2009) Autism spectrum disorders and childhood-onset schizophrenia: clinical and biological contributions to a relation revisited. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 48:10-8 |
| Bakalar, Jennifer L; Greenstein, Deanna K; Clasen, Liv et al. (2009) General absence of abnormal cortical asymmetry in childhood-onset schizophrenia: a longitudinal study. Schizophr Res 115:12-6 |
| Giedd, Jay N; Lenroot, Rhoshel K; Shaw, Philip et al. (2008) Trajectories of anatomic brain development as a phenotype. Novartis Found Symp 289:101-12;discussion 112-8, 193-5 |
| Arango, Celso; Moreno, Carmen; Martinez, Salvador et al. (2008) Longitudinal brain changes in early-onset psychosis. Schizophr Bull 34:341-53 |
| Shaw, Philip; Kabani, Noor J; Lerch, Jason P et al. (2008) Neurodevelopmental trajectories of the human cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 28:3586-94 |
| Gogtay, Nitin; Rapoport, Judith (2008) Clozapine use in children and adolescents. Expert Opin Pharmacother 9:459-65 |
| Gogtay, Nitin (2008) Cortical brain development in schizophrenia: insights from neuroimaging studies in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 34:30-6 |
| Rapoport, Judith L; Gogtay, Nitin (2008) Brain neuroplasticity in healthy, hyperactive and psychotic children: insights from neuroimaging. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:181-97 |
| Walsh, Tom; McClellan, Jon M; McCarthy, Shane E et al. (2008) Rare structural variants disrupt multiple genes in neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophrenia. Science 320:539-43 |
| Lenroot, Rhoshel K; Gogtay, Nitin; Greenstein, Deanna K et al. (2007) Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence. Neuroimage 36:1065-73 |
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