The primary objective of this project is to determine if supplementation with multiple vitamin-minerals reduces the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and total mortality. Secondary objectives are to assess supplement effects on intermediate endpoints in carcinogenesis and to examine new hypotheses relating to the etiology and prevention of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer. BACKGROUND: Probably the highest worldwide rates of esophageal cancer occur in Linxian, China where cumulative death rates to age 75 for this cancer exceed 20%. Widespread deficiencies of multiple nutrients are considered the most likely cause, but consumption of pickled vegetables, moldy foods and nitrosamines, and physical trauma from silica fragments in ingested millet may play a role. METHODS: Two double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized intervention studies were conducted to evaluate multiple vitamins/minerals in the prevention of esophageal and other cancers. The Dysplasia Trial evaluated 3,318 persons with cytologic evidence of dysplasia supplemented for 6 years, while the General Population Trial evaluated 29,584 persons supplemented for 5 1/4 years. Biologic specimens (blood, toenails, cytology and histology specimens) were collected periodically throughout the trials. PROGRESS: TRIALS - Both trials concluded in 1991, and results showed that the combination of beta-carotene/vitamin E/selenium significantly reduced total mortality, total cancer mortality, and stomach cancer incidence and mortality. Results from endoscopic and cytologic examinations suggested that multiple vitamins/minerals may decrease proliferation and enhance cytologic reversion to nondysplasia. POST-TRIAL FOLLOW-UP - Analysis of data from 10 years of post-intervention followup (through May 2001) indicate that, for the General Population Trial, the beneficial effects of the beta-carotene/vitamin E/selenium supplementation continued after termination of the intervention, and that the benefits were greater in the younger participants. None of the four factors tested influenced lung cancer death rates. ETIOLOGY STUDIES - A number of nested case-cohort studies relating baseline serum values of micronutrients, fumonisins, Helicobacter pylori, HPV, and EBV to cancer have recently been completed. Results of recent analyses have shown: (1) an especially strong association with increased risk for esophageal cancer and gastric cardia cancer among subjects with low serum selenium levels;(2) no relation of serum carotenoids with esophageal cancer or gastric cancer;(3) a strong association for low serum alpha-tocopherol levels and esophageal cancer risk;(4) a strong association between low tissue zinc levels and increased esophageal cancer risk;(5) increased risk for H pylori exposure for gastric cancer, both cardia as well as body;(5) no relation of fumonisin exposure with esophageal cancer risk;(6) an association between tooth loss and risk of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer;(7) associations between several genetic polymorphisms and risk of esophageal cancer and gastric cardia cancer;(8) increased risk of gastric noncardia cancer in persons with self-reported goiter;and (9) no relation for HPV 16, 18, or 73 serology and esophageal cancer or gastric cancer.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Investigator-Initiated Intramural Research Projects (ZIA)
Project #
1ZIACP000112-07
Application #
8349545
Study Section
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$594,581
Indirect Cost
Name
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
State
Country
Zip Code
Wang, Shao-Ming; Taylor, Philip R; Fan, Jin-Hu et al. (2018) Effects of Nutrition Intervention on Total and Cancer Mortality: 25-Year Post-trial Follow-up of the 5.25-Year Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst :
Fan, Jin-Hu; Wang, Jian-Bing; Wang, Shao-Ming et al. (2018) Longitudinal change in blood pressure is associated with cardiovascular disease mortality in a Chinese cohort. Heart 104:1764-1771
Fan, Jin-Hu; Wang, Jian-Bing; Wang, Shao-Ming et al. (2017) Body mass index and risk of gastric cancer: A 30-year follow-up study in the Linxian general population trial cohort. Cancer Sci 108:1667-1672
Wang, Zhaoming; Dai, Juncheng; Hu, Nan et al. (2017) Identification of new susceptibility loci for gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma: pooled results from two Chinese genome-wide association studies. Gut 66:581-587
Ren, Jiansong; Murphy, Gwen; Fan, Jinhu et al. (2016) Prospective study of serum B vitamins levels and oesophageal and gastric cancers in China. Sci Rep 6:35281
Wang, Shao-Ming; Fan, Jin-Hu; Jia, Meng-Meng et al. (2016) Body mass index and long-term risk of death from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a Chinese population. Thorac Cancer 7:387-92
Wang, Jian-Bing; Fan, Jin-Hu; Dawsey, Sanford M et al. (2016) Dietary components and risk of total, cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality in the Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials cohort in China. Sci Rep 6:22619
Wang, Jian-Bing; Dawsey, Sanford M; Fan, Jin-Hu et al. (2015) Common genetic variants related to vitamin D status are not associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk in China. Cancer Epidemiol 39:157-9
Murphy, Gwen; Freedman, Neal D; Michel, Angelika et al. (2015) Prospective study of Helicobacter pylori antigens and gastric noncardia cancer risk in the nutrition intervention trial cohort. Int J Cancer 137:1938-46
Golozar, Asieh; Beaty, Terri H; Gravitt, Patti E et al. (2014) Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in high-risk Chinese populations: Possible role for vascular epithelial growth factor A. Eur J Cancer 50:2855-65

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