Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a clinical-pathologic syndromes characterized by the accumulation of fibrotic proteins in glomeruli, initially involving only some glomeruli (focal) and involving portions (segments) of the affected glomeruli. FSGS can be classified as follows: idiopathic FSGS, genetic FSGS and post-adaptive FSGS (associated with glomerular hypertrophy and hyperfiltration, and due to reduced renal mass, renal toxins, obesity, and sickle cell disease). A related syndrome is collapsing glomerulopathy, associated with podocyte hyperplasia whereas FSGS is associated with podocyte depletion. Collapsing glomerulopathy can be classified as HIV-associated or idiopathic. The incidence of idiopathic FSGS is increased by a factor of 4 in African Americans, and the incidence of HIV-associated collapsing glomerulpathy is increased by a factor of 18 in African Americans. In prior years, we have shown that most of this effect is due to genetic variation in MYH9 and APOL1, adjacent genes on chromosome 22. A related project pursues that hypothesis that other scarring disorders which are more common in individuals of African descent are associated with genetic mutations. We have identified a number of families of diverse geographical ancestry with familial keloids, and will use genome scans to identify the responsible locus. An exome scan has identified several promising candidate loci which we are further characterizing. chip. Our progress during the past year included the following: - Showing in CARDIA that APOL1 risk alleles are associated with albuminuria and reduced eGFR (JASN 2015) and extending that work to cardiovascular outcomes and lipid profiles - Analysis of a Mississippi autopsy cohort to show that African Americans with two APOL1 risk alleles have, with larger body mass index, for larger glomeruli, larger kidneys and larger hearts, suggesting that left ventricular hypertrophy might be an APOL1 risk allele phenotype (Kidney Int 2015) - Showing that APOL1 variants do not affect response to mycophenolate or cyclosporine (jASN 2015) Current projects - extension to other kidney diseases, including sickle cell nephropathy, pre-eclampsia, and renal transplantation - characterization of APOL1 lipid profiles including particle number and macrophage function in healthy volunteerrs - have generated various APOL1 transgenic mice including Alb/APOL1,CAG/APOL1-B3 and nephrin/APOL1-stem loop. Characterization of these lines is in progress.

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20
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2015
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U.S. National Inst Diabetes/Digst/Kidney
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Lee, Hewang; Roshanravan, Hila; Wang, Ying et al. (2018) ApoL1 renal risk variants induce aberrant THP-1 monocyte differentiation and increase eicosanoid production via enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase-2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 315:F140-F150
Hyacinth, Hyacinth I; Carty, Cara L; Seals, Samantha R et al. (2018) Association of Sickle Cell Trait With Ischemic Stroke Among African Americans: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 75:802-807
Franceschini, Nora; Kopp, Jeffrey B; Barac, Ana et al. (2018) Association of APOL1 With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in Postmenopausal African American Women. JAMA Cardiol 3:712-720
GutiƩrrez, Orlando M; Irvin, Marguerite R; Chaudhary, Ninad S et al. (2018) APOL1 Nephropathy Risk Variants and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events in Community-Dwelling Black Adults. Circ Genom Precis Med 11:e002098
Hughson, Michael D; Hoy, Wendy E; Mott, Susan A et al. (2018) APOL1 Risk Variants Independently Associated With Early Cardiovascular Disease Death. Kidney Int Rep 3:89-98
GutiƩrrez, Orlando M; Limou, Sophie; Lin, Feng et al. (2018) APOL1 nephropathy risk variants do not associate with subclinical atherosclerosis or left ventricular mass in middle-aged black adults. Kidney Int 93:727-732
Doshi, Mona D; Ortigosa-Goggins, Mariella; Garg, Amit X et al. (2018) APOL1 Genotype and Renal Function of Black Living Donors. J Am Soc Nephrol 29:1309-1316
Hoy, W E; Kopp, J B; Mott, S A et al. (2017) Absence of APOL1 risk alleles in a remote living Australian Aboriginal group with high rates of CKD, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Kidney Int 91:990
Naik, Rakhi P; Irvin, Marguerite R; Judd, Suzanne et al. (2017) Sickle Cell Trait and the Risk of ESRD in Blacks. J Am Soc Nephrol 28:2180-2187
Beckerman, Pazit; Bi-Karchin, Jing; Park, Ae Seo Deok et al. (2017) Transgenic expression of human APOL1 risk variants in podocytes induces kidney disease in mice. Nat Med 23:429-438

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