This is a proposal to develop a storm-time correction map that will improve the ability of existing models to specify the variations in ionospheric density associated with magnetic storms. During a geomagnetic storm, the ionosphere can be severely altered causing disruptions to communication and navigation systems. This project takes advantage of the new understanding of the response of the upper atmosphere to geomagnetic storms to develop a correction map for the mid and high latitude ionosphere. Two approaches are planned. The first involves the use of a physically-based Coupled Thermosphere Ionopshere Model, the second involves capturing the essential physics in an empirical description. The study will determine the most successful prescription for magnetospheric forcing of the upper atmosphere and will develop a measure of accuracy of prediction.
