The investigators continue studying ionospheric electrodynamics from equatorial to midlatitudes using incoherent scatter radar and Fabry-Perot interferometer measurements, as well as global convection, thermospheric, and ionospheric numerical models. They attempt to understand electrodynamic and neutral atmospheric transport processes, test global convection and ionospheric circulation models, and develop global predictive storm-time dependent self-consistent ionospheric electric field and thermospheric neutral wind models. The project consists of two components: (1) studying storm-time dependent response of ionospheric and thermospheric transport processes using extensive incoherent scatter radar observations and nighttime Fabry-Perot interferometer data, and (2) studying the variability of electrodynamic processes using new radar and Fabry-Perot data with largely enhanced data taking and analysis techniques.