9422216 Williams The research to be carried out will have an impact on (1) extragalactic astronomy: the structure and energy generation of quasars and other active galactic nuclei (AGN) are investigated, on (2) cosmology: the formation of galaxies in the early Universe are investigated, and on (3) a combination of galactic astronomy and cosmology: dark matter and gamma-ray bursts are investigated. The project involves theoretical, numerical, and statistical investigations. In Part I of this project, the physics of general relativistic, supermassive Kerr-Newman black holes are used to model AGN. Monte Carlo simulations of Penrose processes are used to model the extraction of energy from the ergosphere; and large scale electromagnetic fields are used to generate the jets. In Part II, electromagnetic and gravitational fields in a Friedmann cosmology are used to model the formation of supermassive stars, near the time of recombination in the early Universe. In Part III, low energy black holes of negligible emissions will be used to model dark matter in the Universe. Finally, in Part IV, black holes that undergo periods of being active and inactive are used to model gamma-ray bursters. The objective of the research is (1) to show that the Kerr-Newman black holes can explain the energy source of AGN; (2) to show how rotation, magnetic fields, and particle-field interactions can produce the necessary gravitational instabilities needed in the early Universe to allow the formation of supermassive stars of approximately 10 Million Solar masses (these stars could be the progenitors of the supermassive black holes believed to power AGN); and (3) to show that using black holes to model two poorly understood phenomena in the Universe: dark matter and gamma-ray bursts, can give promising results in explaining the nature of the original sources.
