Large-scale simulation science will be used to investigate the impact of green infrastructure projects on urban energy use and microclimate. Green infrastructure projects come in many forms including the development of parks, alteration of building rooftops, and the use of novel asphalt and concrete materials for streets and parking lots. They all share the common goals of reducing energy usage, mitigating pollution emissions and improving the urban microclimate. Due to difficulty in simulating the large disparity in length scales (m to km), little is known about their impact. An interdisciplinary team will utilize a suite of computationally based strategies to bridge these scales and improve understanding of how green infrastructure interacts with the urban environment at local (neighborhood), city, and meso- scales. Specifically, how the distribution of heat, moisture and pollutants can be effected will be investigated. The PIs hypothesize that large-scale simulation science can be used to find optimal green infrastructure designs. The complex interaction between urban form and green infrastructure will be investigated and strategies to guide future projects will be developed. To adequately resolve the fundamental transport processes that govern the distribution of heat, water vapor and pollutants across a wide range of scales will require petascale computing. A new urban fluid dynamics and mass transport simulation code inside of a massively parallel computational framework (Uintah) capable of taking advantage of the largest computing platforms will be implemented. This simulation tool will be combined with mesoscale simulations to produce high-resolution (on the order of 1 m) simulations of the urban core with realistic atmospheric forcing conditions. Mesoscale simulations will also be combined with an extremely fast-running GPU based urban microclimate and dispersion tool to optimize the design of green infrastructure projects based on different criteria (e.g., energy usage, space). The target simulation scenario is a full diurnal cycle of Oklahoma City during the Joint Urban 2003 field campaign, with high fidelity physics, resolving physical effects at length scales ranging from ~1m to 1000?s km. This target scenario takes advantage of the extensive datasets from Oklahoma City taken during the field experiment allowing for detailed validation. These simulation tools will aid urban planners in developing useful and unique strategies for the designing and implementation of green infrastructure projects. To ensure this, work with urban planners will continue throughout the model development process. The data from the high-resolution simulations will be made available in an archival form to other researchers working on urban meteorology applications. These data will span an unprecedented range of scales and have a detailed representation of the physical processes. The data are anticipated to be useful for a wide range of model development and theoretical work outside the scope of this project. In addition, included is a substantial outreach component at both collaborating universities designed to introduce American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and other minorities to simulation science and environmental engineering. Students will be invited to a weeklong interactive learning symposium during each of the three years of the project. In addition, this project will provide interdisciplinary training in the atmospheric, engineering, computer and social sciences for graduate students and post-doctoral researchers through collaborative research activities and from involvement in the Global Change and Ecosystem Center at the University of Utah.
