9520248 Betenbaugh This proposal is on research to develop a better understanding of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in order to use this information for constructing more productive expression systems. This involves research to: (1) determine the genes which suppress the induction of apoptosis for several cell lines, and (2) clone the genes and assess cell death in response to viral infection or other environmental insults such as nutrient limitations and exposure to toxic levels of by-products. ***
