We propose to organize a workshop on "Current Challenges in Mechanics and Materials" at the University of Wyoming, in August 2005. The list of participants includes researchers from the US and Europe who are at the scientific forefront in the area of mechanics/materials [M&M]. The four-day workshop will involve four major topics: (a) Mechanics of Biological Materials, (b) Experimental Methods in M&M, (c) Theory and Simulation in M&M, and (d) Perspectives on Research and Education. The proposed workshop provides an excellent environment for the exchange of ideas and open discussions that allow for the presentation of the researchers' latest work, augmenting efforts to advance the research frontiers in this field. The meeting will serve as an opportunity to showcase the research performed at the University of Wyoming; it will also permit a valuable interaction of students with some of the best minds in the field.