One relatively unexplored area of basic research of reinforced concrete is its response under sub-zero temperatures. This topic has become more important in recent years because of the emphasis given to cold regions resources exploration and rebuilding of the decaying infrastructure in regions with cyclic freezing conditions. The main objectives of the proposed research are: (1) To quantify internal microstructural changes (2) To understand the local bond stress-slip behavior (3) To formulate design guidelines
