This action funds a third year extension of an NSF Minority Postdoctoral Research Fellowship for FY 2002. The goal of the fellowship is to increase the participation of minority scientists at the postdoctoral level and to prepare them for positions of scientific leadership in academia and industry. To attain this goal, the fellowship provides opportunities for postdoctoral training and research of the highest quality to recent doctoral recipients. It is expected that Fellows supported through these fellowships will play important roles in training of the future workforce. The research and training plan examines the covariance between conflict intensity and male trail exploitation, life history consequences, and rates of mutation in Drosophila.