An Affinity sensors IAys Optical Biosensor will be purchased for studies in assembly and regulatory reactions in replication and transcription, the energetics of assembly of the bacterial chemotaxis signaling complex, the role of SNARE proteins in controlling the specificity of membrane fusion in yeast, assembly and structure of phage and transcription complexes, assembly and function of the RNA polymerase II transcription complexes and the role of chaperones in protein folding.