Technical abstract: The problems to be investigated include a study of dc Josephson junctions in superfluid helium 3 and their use in the development of the superfluid macroscopic quantum gyroscope, and a study of two dimensional superfluid helium three, including a search for third sound. A millikelvin scanning tunneling probe microscope will be built for study of quantization in nanostructures, atomic manipulation, and wavefunction characterization. Low temperature helium four atomic beam technology will be developed for atomic interference experiments. Non-technical abstract: Ultra-low temperature phenomena provide a variety of unusual opportunities for the development of extremely sensitive detectors of various physical phenomena. It is planned to study several such phenomena using very cold liquids such a helium three and helium four. One device called the "superfluid macroscopic quantum gyroscope" has the potential sensitivity to measure with extremely high precision the Earth's rotation pertaining to geophysics. and climate change. In another study a scanning tunneling microscope will be developed which can operate at ultra-low temperatures close to absolute zero. Such an apparatus would find use in the investigation of many novel phenomena in very small semiconductor structures.
