This research project studies the impact of strategic integration of relevant math and science topics on teachers' knowledge and beliefs, their classroom practice, and their students' understanding and beliefs. Teachers in a control group will receive comparable professional development in which science and mathematics are covered separately. The target population of grades 2-5 teachers comes from 20 schools in Eugene, OR, a region with a socio-economically diverse student population. The proposal hypothesizes that the strategic integration will lead to more frequent and effective use of mathematics in science teaching and improved student outcomes. The project employs both qualitative and quantitative research measures and proposes a robust dissemination plan, including outreach to rural districts in Oregon.