The purpose of this proposal is to pursue research on TIMSS using and international perspective and using the best available research technology. It proposes using data from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and gains the perspective of an international education community. The research will be centered around a general model of educational attainment and focus on issues that affect student performance. The grant will result in a publication of two volumes to be published by the IEA and with Elsvier Press.