9304302 Kappelman PI and an international team of collaborators will study the paleontology (principally mammalian, including hominids), paleoecology, paleoclimatology, stratigraphy and sedimentology, magnetostratigraphy, and geochronology of the Miocene Sinap Formation of central Turkey. This well-preserved, 6+-million-year- long section provides a key to large-scale correlation in Europe. The biogeographical position of the strata as a crossroads between Europe, Asia and Africa will permit intercontinental correlations and a calibrated sequence of Neogene mammalian evolution. ***