9725899 Brown This is a continuation of the PI's work on the following: (1) photoemission and x-ray standing wave studies of the interaction of water with the (-Al2O3 (0001) and (1-102) surfaces, the (-SiO2 (0001) surface TiO2 (110) surface, and the PbS (001) surface and (2) x-ray adsorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy study of the local coordination environment of Ni and Mo in silicate glasses and melts as a function of temperature and composition. In addition, the PI will initiate a new study of the structure of the electrical double layer in aqueous solution adjacent to a metal oxide surface (a-Al2O3) using long-period x-ray standing waves. The PI will also initiate a crystal truncation rod study of the surfaces of (-Al2O3 (0001) and (1-102) at the Advanced Photon Source on the GSECARS sector.