This two-year award supports U.S.-France cooperative research in behavioral neurosciences between Robert Muller, State University of New York's Health Sciences Center, Brooklyn, New York and Bruno Poucet, at the Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, French National Center for Scientific Research, Marseille, France. The investigators propose experimental studies (involving rats) on the effect of visual and kinetic cues on structural changes in hippocampal place cells and postsubicular head direction cells. Their objective is to provide insight into the determinants of neural activity during navigation and movement. The U.S. investigator is an expert in electrophysiology of cells. This is complemented by significant French expertise in behavioral neuroscience.