This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project will create a rock and soil monitoring technology based on the integration of wireless accelerometers and topographic point clouds. The wireless accelerometers could be deployed in open-pit mines, highways, and other critical areas including dam and bridge foundations. In some uses of the system, such as mines and quarries and along highways, routine vibrations from blasting and highway traffic would be used to sound the accelerometers, determine resonance frequencies, and predict when unstable ground conditions are occurring. In other uses of the system, the accelerometers could be sounded manually to predict the stability of critical structures near dam and bridge foundations. Point cloud processing software will be developed to serve as the key visualization and analysis tool for the accelerometer data, and by integrating sensor point clouds with traditional topographic point clouds, new instability prediction methods will be developed. Specific research activities include field accelerometer monitoring and LIDAR scanning in an open-pit mine and an interstate highway, processing vibration data to determine source properties and ground frequencies, modifying point cloud software to accept sensor point clouds, and developing procedures for predicting unstable ground movement from resonance frequencies.
The broader impact/commercial potential of this project are related to increased safety, both the safety of workers (mining, highway, rail, dam, etc.), and the safety of the general public that are impacted by unstable rock and soil structures along highway and rail slopes and bridge and dam foundations. By closely monitoring the vibrations due to blasting, the damage to rock and soil structures as well as buildings and other structures can be reduced. This increases safety and also reduces the cost of stabilizing slopes and buildings. By utilizing inexpensive accelerometers, this technology would allow long stretches of potentially unstable highway and rail slopes to be monitored. Even though this proposal is focused on the stability of rock and soil structures, it could have future applications in much broader fields including the stability of civil structures such as buildings and bridges, and the monitoring of construction and manufacturing sites. The proposed monitoring system would collect valuable information on rock and soil resonance frequencies and associated instability that would be of interest to companies and universities. By continually monitoring potentially unstable rock and soil exposures, a large database of useful information would be collected.
This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project included the research and development of a rock and soil monitoring technology based on the integration of wireless accelerometers and topographic point clouds. The wireless accelerometers were deployed in open-pit mines, highways, and railways. Routine vibrations from blasting and highway traffic were used to sound the accelerometers, determine resonance frequencies, and identify unstable ground conditions. Point cloud processing software was developed to serve as the key visualization and analysis tool for the accelerometer data, and by integrating sensor point clouds with traditional topographic point clouds, new instability prediction methods have been developed. The research proved that accelerometers are an effective tool for measuring vibration and frequencies for mining, highway and railway slopes. The data were analyzed with various algorithms and revealed that zones of instability can be identified. The data were combined with 3D point clouds to provide a visual representation of the conditions. The combination of geologic, topographic and accelerometer data revealed new opportunities for the analysis of critically unstable slopes. An additional benefit realized from the research was the system provided effective environmental monitoring that can measure vibration across active mining properties to avoid or minimize impact on neighboring properties. Wireless technologies and standards were tested and evaluated to determine the most effective techniques for transmitting data while minimizing power consumption. Wireless capabilities will provide users the data automatically allowing for real-time assessment of slope conditions. The project will increase safety, both the safety of workers (mining, highway, rail, dam, etc.), and the safety of the general public that are impacted by unstable rock and soil structures along highway and rail slopes and bridge and dam foundations. For mining operations, earlier detection of unstable zones will allow operations to dedicate more resources to the unstable zones to avoid injuries and interruptions to operations. Also, an accelerometer based system can reduce environmental damage and avoid disturbance to surrounding areas as companies can continually evaluate the effects of activities. The new data sets and techniques will open new opportunities for further research and investigation for slope instability. The proposed monitoring system will collect valuable information on rock and soil resonance frequencies and associated instability that will be of interest to companies and universities. By continually monitoring potentially unstable rock and soil exposures, a large database of useful information will be collected.
