This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project proposes to develop and commercialize an active driving aid that enables semi-autonomous, cooperative navigation of an electric-powered wheelchair (EPW) both indoors and in dynamic, outdoor environments. It uses intelligent sensing and drive control systems that work in cooperation with the driver to aid in negotiating changing terrain, avoiding obstacles/ collisions, and maintaining a straight path. Additionally, the system allows for higher-level path planning and the autonomous execution of non-linear routes of travel in a safe and efficient manner. The goal of the project is to enable active, safe, and independent living. The innovation is that as an individual begins to lose cognitive, perceptive, or motor function ? due to age, injury, or disease ? the system can augment that loss because it can interpret the user?s intent and it can ?see? out into the environment on their behalf. This exteroceptive sensing capability is enabled by leveraging the latest in 3D imaging technology. The team will exploit their experience in commercializing smart-EPW technologies (including acquiring FDA approval), and will apply the knowledge they have gained in developing autonomous driving solutions through their participation in the DARPA Urban Challenge.
The broader impact/commercial potential of this project will have significant impacts in the U.S. Socially, it will have a direct positive effect on the quality of life and independence of the elderly and disabled. Leveraging robotics for personal mobility can help Americans with disabilities to participate fully in basic activities such as employment, education, worship, recreation, and other activities of community life often taken for granted. Economically, a serious side effect of the rapidly growing elder population, to over 70 million by 2030, is that it will place unprecedented strains on the U.S. healthcare system. This impact can be moderated in part by enabling individuals to maintain their independence and live at home longer. It is estimated that adding a single month of independence and health to America?s elder population would save $5 billion, while decreasing hospitalization and institutionalization 10% would save $50 billion annually. As a result, technology for home-centered approaches to healthcare, such as the proposed system, are necessary. In research terms, while the immediate focus is in the field of assistive robotics, this research will be extendable to general field and service robotics as much of the work is related to 3D perception.
