This grant is a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II award. During the SBIR Phase I award, pyrolytic reaction in a concurrent flame of hydrogen and chlorine was demonstrated to be a new processing route for the preparation of ultra-fine ceramic (silicon nitride) and refractory metal (niobium and tantalum) powders. Phase II activities include improved understanding of diffusion flame processing in order to increase powder output. Quantities of powders sufficient for extensive characterization and evaluation are being produced. Of particular interest is the compaction, hot pressing and sintering behavior. Fabricated test specimens are being used for evaluation of mechanical strength, fracture toughness, and resistance to thermal shock.