Calcium entry leads to the release of neurotransmitters in nerve terminals. Malfunctions in this fundamental process can result in neurological and neuromuscular diseases. Despite vigorous research, the actual mechanism whereby calcium entry regulates transmitter release is poorly understood. This conference will focus on nerve terminals; concentrating on the biophysical and pharmacological properties of nerve terminal calcium channels, the entry and distribution of calcium ions after the nerve impulse, the physiology of calcium-dependent transmitter release, and the mechanism by which calcium triggers secretory vesicle fusion. In addition, new experimental techniques will be highlighted. The conference will assemble some of the best investigators working in the area to discuss the current status of knowledge and to examine the most promising lines of future development.