PI: Johnston IBN: 9616303 In this proposal the PI seek support for an international scientific conference, Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, that meets every three years. This meeting is unique in that is the only focusing on chemical communication in vertebrates, and the only one that brings together scientists working at all levels of analysis. Disciplines represented include chemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, psychology, animal behavior, and ecology. It also brings together people who do not ordinarily meet because of their focus on different types of organisms, such as amphibians, fish, birds, and mammals. Funds are requested to support the travel of scientists from economically stressed countries, particularly those of Russia and eastern Europe. Some funds are also proposed to help graduate students attend the meeting
