The PIs will undertake a comprehensive investigation of Waiapoa River shoreface dynamics in response to multiple well-constrained forcings from Holocene to Recent times. Their approach involves coring, sub-bottom profiling, observational measurements, and sedimentary and stratigraphic modeling. By employing these approaches they hope to constrain the limitations of any particular technique and investigate the link between processes and the sedimentary record, the nature of moving boundaries (land/sea interface), and the role of different scales and how they can be incorporated into predictive models as well as being applied to interpreting past records.