In this project a detailed inventory of U & Th series radioisotopes and plutonium in the Black Sea, Sea of Marmara and Eastern Mediterranean Sea will be constructed. Both dissolved and particulate species will be measured in the water column. Additionally samples from sediment traps and bottom sediments will be measured. The objectives are to learn more about the geochemistries of these isotopes in a large anoxic system and to apply this knowledge to specific questions concerning the ventilation of deep waters, surface residence times and mixing patterns, and particle removal rates.