Under this grant, PIs will continue the Hawaiian Ocean Time Series (HOTS) for an additional three years. HOTS provides a time history of physical and chemical properties at a single location northeast of the island of Oahu in Hawaii. Research focus will be on observing and understanding climate-related processes in the North Pacific Subtropical gyre, and a particular emphasis in this work will be to attempt to demonstrate the value of maintaining HOTS into the future in support of major climaterelated programs. Data from HOTS contributes support to two Global Change programs, WOCE (World Ocean Circulation Experiment), and JGOFS (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study).