9810717 Rosenthal This Small Grant for Exploratory Research will support collection and analysis of bottom-water and surface-sediment samples along depth transects off the Hawaiian Islands. The PIs will analyze Cd, Ba, Sr, and Mg concentrations in the water samples and in live and dead benthic forminifera. This will (a) determine whether the organisms secrete their shells in equilibrium with the water, (b) determine whether the original signal is altered by early diagenesis and (c) provide baseline data for analysis of older sediments, representing past conditions of ocean circulation under different climate states.