The past twenty years have witnessed explosive advances in molecular biology and molecular genetics. Prime examples are the discovery of oncogenes and the construction of transgenic mammals. As a consequence many now believe that the basic biological disciplines have begun to unravel the mysteries of the causes and evolution of cancer. The same period has witnessed accelerating use of cancer risk assessments by government and industry officials responsible for the protection of the public health from potentially carcinogenic chemicals. Great disparity exists in technical and scientific sophistication between the cancer risk assessment methods currently in use and methods potentially available as a result of oncogene and transgenics research. This award provides partial funding for an International 5-day Advanced Research Workshop (ARW), funded principally by the Scientific Affairs Committee of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). It will be held in the Hotel Meliton, Sithonia, Halkidiki, Greece from April 28, till May 3, 1991, to explore recent advances in oncogene and transgenics research for potential short and long term contributions toward the improvement of cancer risk assessment methods currently in use by public health protection authorities in the industrialized world.