This Research Planning Grant will be used to examine beliefs about gender inequality in various domains such as employment, family, reproduction, and beauty. The planning activities consist of development and pre-testing of items to measure gender ideology, and further development of theoretical ideas about the relationship between elements of ideology and social group membership. The planning grant will provide resources and time for the investigator to refine her theoretical model and her research instrument. This will greatly improve the quality of the research proposal which is the expected main outcome of the grant.