Viruses such as measles, influenza, and HIV cause considerable morbidity worldwide. New emerging viruses are a constant threat because of the speed of their spread and their potential to cause widespread disease before therapies can be developed. Not much is known about innate immune responses against viruses. The immune signaling pathways in Drosophila are highly conserved with immune pathways in humans, worms, and plants, making it an excellent model for study. We have established a system to examine antiviral innate immune responses using the dsRNA birnavirus, Drosophila X virus (DXV) infection of Drosophila melanogaster. We have identified the Toll and RNAi pathways as important for host defense. From a forward genetic screen, we have also identified novel mutations important for viral pathogenesis or the antiviral immune response.
The specific aims of this proposal are: 1. To study the roles of the Toll and RNAi pathways in the antiviral response. We will investigate whether these pathways interact or act independently, and determine whether dsRNA may be the pathogenic determinant that activates the antiviral immune response in flies. 2. To determine whether the new DXV-susceptible mutants are acting in the Toll, RNAi, or JAK/STAT pathways. 3. To determine whether an overactive immune response is being suppressed in the DXV- resistant mutants that show high titers of DXV. An overactive immune response appears to be harmful to the fly during DXV infection. We will determine the possible role of the Toll pathway in this response and characterize the DXV-resistant mutants to potentially identify negative regulators of this pathway. 4. To identify by map-based positional cloning two novel antiviral genes that affect either the Toll or RNAi pathway. Overall, the proposed experiments may give insight to new pathways, or new genes in Toll or RNAi pathways that are important for antiviral immune responses. Viruses come in many varieties and are successful in causing disease in humans;the Toll pathway and RNA interference (RNAi) are two means that the host uses to combat viral infection. We will characterize the role of these two pathways and identify novel genes important for the antiviral immune response.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01AI076564-03S1
Application #
8068526
Study Section
Immunity and Host Defense Study Section (IHD)
Program Officer
Cassetti, Cristina
Project Start
2010-06-01
Project End
2011-08-31
Budget Start
2010-06-01
Budget End
2011-08-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$107,220
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Maryland College Park
Department
Miscellaneous
Type
Other Domestic Higher Education
DUNS #
790934285
City
College Park
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
20742
Garg, Aprajita; Wu, Louisa P (2014) Drosophila Rab14 mediates phagocytosis in the immune response to Staphylococcus aureus. Cell Microbiol 16:296-310
Gonzalez, Elizabeth A; Garg, Aprajita; Tang, Jessica et al. (2013) A glutamate-dependent redox system in blood cells is integral for phagocytosis in Drosophila melanogaster. Curr Biol 23:2319-2324