The long-term goal of this proposal is to regenerate and repair dental pulp/dentin thereby reducing the need of endodontic procedures. Approximately 16 million teeth receive root canal treatment (~$14 billion) per year in the US-a procedure consisting of the removal of the entire pulp and replacing it with gutta percha (rubber-like material). There have been no other effective ways to repair the infected or injured pulp tissue besides complete amputation. Recent advances in pulp stem cell isolation and tissue engineering technologies have shed light on the possibility of pulp tissue regeneration. Removing the entire pulp poses two clinical problems: 1) further dental work such as crown and post that weaken the tooth are most often required;2) devitalized immature teeth are weak with little dentin structure. Therefore the therapeutic capacity to regenerate pulp/dentin of the root would be clinically beneficial. Our preliminary data showed that human pulp-like structure constructed in vitro using stem cells and implanted in canals of human tooth fragments can be vascularized in the subcutaneous space of SCID mice. Therefore, we hypothesize that pulp-like tissue can be regenerated in tooth using stem cells aided with a scaffold system. In this proposal, we will characterize dental stem cells for regeneration of pulp/dentin and use mice and minipigs as ectopic and orthotopic animal study models respectively. There are three specific aims that stepwisely test the hypothesis to reach the goal:
Aim 1 - To characterize pulp stem cells of various sources for pulp regeneration.
This aim will characterize prospective stem cells of various sources for pulp tissue regeneration. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), human stem cells from apical papilla (hSCAP) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) will be isolated and characterized by examining their stem cell properties and gene expression profiles relevant to osteo/odontogenic potency using in vitro and in vivo experimentation. Procedures include flow cytometry, real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemical analysis, etc.
Aim 2 - To determine angiogenesis of human pulp-like tissues in vivo in SCID mice. The extent of angiogenesis is critical to the success of pulp regeneration. Stem cells seeded in D,L-lactide and glycolide (PLG) scaffolds containing angiogenic growth factors will be inserted into root canal space of human tooth fragments and implanted subcutaneously into SCID mice. The implanted teeth will then be harvested for histological analysis of cellularity, matrix production, formation of odontoblast-like cells and particularly vascularity. Gene expression profile of the regenerated tissue will be analyzed with and immunohistochemistry.
Aim 3 - To test pulp regeneration in a relevant tissue environment in swine. This experimental swine model simulates actual clinical applications in humans using autologous stem cells for pulp regeneration in pulp space that has been infected and then disinfected. Pulp stem cells from swine teeth will be seeded in scaffolds in vitro and planted back to the disinfected pulpless root canal space for de novo pulp regeneration or planted into pulp chamber space for partial pulp regeneration. The vascularization and innervations of the regenerated tissue will be determined with histology and immunohistochemistry. The success of this project would represent a potential breakthrough in clinical endodontics using stem cell therapy and serve as an example for other organ regeneration.

Public Health Relevance

About 16 million teeth receive root canal treatment (~$14 billion) per year in the United States- a procedure that requires the removal of the entire dental pulp tissue which is then replaced with gutta percha (rubber-like material). This pulp tissue is important for the entire function and the health of the tooth, removing which renders the tooth weakened and susceptible to functional failures. There have been no other effective ways to repair the infected or injured pulp/dentin tissue besides complete amputation. The purpose of this proposal is to utilize and further characterize the adult dental stem cells for the regeneration of pulp/dentin tissues. Using animal study models, a method will be established and tested in this proposal to regenerate dental pulps using adult dental stem cells. If successful, a subsequent human trial may be carried out in the future and its success will promise a reduced need of traditional aggressive root canal therapies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
7R01DE019156-02
Application #
7666150
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-MOSS-K (09))
Program Officer
Lumelsky, Nadya L
Project Start
2008-08-01
Project End
2009-08-31
Budget Start
2009-07-01
Budget End
2009-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$1
Indirect Cost
Name
Columbia University (N.Y.)
Department
Dentistry
Type
Schools of Dentistry
DUNS #
621889815
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10032
Jamal, Mohamed; Lewandowski, Sara L; Lawton, Matthew L et al. (2018) Derivation and characterization of putative craniofacial mesenchymal progenitor cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 33:100-109
Li, Dong; Zou, Xiao-Ying; El-Ayachi, Ikbale et al. (2018) Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Display Action Potential Capacity In Vitro after Neuronogenic Differentiation. Stem Cell Rev :
El Ayachi, Ikbale; Zhang, Jun; Zou, Xiao-Ying et al. (2018) Human dental stem cell derived transgene-free iPSCs generate functional neurons via embryoid body-mediated and direct induction methods. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 12:e1836-e1851
Zhu, Xiaofei; Liu, Jie; Yu, Zongdong et al. (2018) A Miniature Swine Model for Stem Cell-Based De Novo Regeneration of Dental Pulp and Dentin-Like Tissue. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 24:108-120
Aksel, Hacer; Huang, George T-J (2017) Human and Swine Dental Pulp Stem Cells Form a Vascularlike Network after Angiogenic Differentiation in Comparison with Endothelial Cells: A Quantitative Analysis. J Endod 43:588-595
Gauthier, Philippe; Yu, Zongdong; Tran, Quynh T et al. (2017) Cementogenic genes in human periodontal ligament stem cells are downregulated in response to osteogenic stimulation while upregulated by vitamin C treatment. Cell Tissue Res 368:79-92
Azim, Adham A; Aksel, Hacer; Zhuang, Tingting et al. (2016) Efficacy of 4 Irrigation Protocols in Killing Bacteria Colonized in Dentinal Tubules Examined by a Novel Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope Analysis. J Endod 42:928-34
Jamal, Mohamed; Chogle, Sami M; Karam, Sherif M et al. (2015) NOTCH3 is expressed in human apical papilla and in subpopulations of stem cells isolated from the tissue. Genes Dis 2:261-267
Liu, Jing-Yi; Chen, Xue; Yue, Lin et al. (2015) CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 Is Expressed Paravascularly in Apical Papilla and Coordinates with Stromal Cell-derived Factor-1? during Transmigration of Stem Cells from Apical Papilla. J Endod 41:1430-6
Yu, Zongdong; Gauthier, Philippe; Tran, Quynh T et al. (2015) Differential Properties of Human ALP+ Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells vs Their ALP- Counterparts. J Stem Cell Res Ther 5:

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