Mathematical modeling of clinical data and experiments in mouse models suggest that cancer cells disseminating from prevalent cancers, such as those of the breast and prostate, undergo an extended period of dormancy at pre-metastatic sites. Even cancers, which causes early metastatic relapse, such as pancreatic cancer, may spawn pre-metastatic cells in the circulation and seed distant organs several years before their detection and resection. Insights into the mechanisms that enable disseminated cancer cells to survive during dormancy and then outgrow into life-threatening lesions are sorely needed in order to identify novel therapeutic targets for the prevention or treatment of metastatic disease. By using a novel powerful forward genetic screening approach, we have identified genes that promote or suppress reactivation of breast cancer in the lung. Mechanistic studies on the mediators identified through our screens suggest that the metastasis-initiating cells are cancer stem cells or revert to this state upon infiltrating a target organ and that they enter into dormancy and undergo reactivation in response to niche signals, intracellular signaling pathways and transcriptional programs which are similar to those that regulate normal adult stem cells. In addition, these studies have yielded actionable therapeutic targets. In order to fuly understand the logic of metastatic dormancy and reactivation and ultimately develop a new generation of agents to be used for metastasis prevention or therapy, it is now necessary to improve the throughput of our screens, to extend our studies to other colonization sites and other cancer types, and to enrich our mechanistic studies with the spatial and temporal resolution of advanced live imaging. On the foundation provided by these studies, it will then be possible to address more fundamental questions about the origin of metastatic stem cells and the epigenetic changes that drive their reactivation and to pursue additional therapeutic targets. Our research program spans three cancer types and multiple target organs and aims to not only shed light on the biology of the most mysterious phase of metastasis but also to bring to the clinic an entire new class of therapeutics.

Public Health Relevance

Having disseminated throughout the body and seeded pre-metastatic sites prior to surgery, cancer cells often remain dormant for several years. This application seeks to elucidate the cellular circuits that sustain the survival and those that eventually trigger the reactivation of dormant cancer cells. We aim to elucidate the inner workings of these latent metastatic cells and the micro-environmental signals that regulate them at various metastasis target sites. Although we will focus initially on breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancer, our approach can be extended to additional cancer types. In addition to illuminating a previously poorly understood area of cancer biology, our research will enable the identification of novel biomarkers of recurrence and novel targets for pharmacological intervention.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Unknown (R35)
Project #
5R35CA197566-05
Application #
9982048
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZCA1)
Program Officer
Woodhouse, Elizabeth
Project Start
2016-08-01
Project End
2023-07-31
Budget Start
2020-08-01
Budget End
2021-07-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Department
Biology
Type
Hospitals
DUNS #
800772139
City
Houston
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
77030
Cooper, Jonathan; Xu, Qingwen; Zhou, Lu et al. (2017) Combined Inhibition of NEDD8-Activating Enzyme and mTOR Suppresses NF2 Loss-Driven Tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Ther 16:1693-1704
Gao, Hua; Chakraborty, Goutam; Zhang, Zhanguo et al. (2016) Multi-organ Site Metastatic Reactivation Mediated by Non-canonical Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Signaling. Cell 166:47-62
Chen, Ying-Bei; Xu, Jianing; Skanderup, Anders Jacobsen et al. (2016) Molecular analysis of aggressive renal cell carcinoma with unclassified histology reveals distinct subsets. Nat Commun 7:13131