Occurrence & Distribution of Infectivity in Blood Components & Plasma in Tses

Brown, P W.

Abstract

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) can be associated with blood infectivity. Many patients dying with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) have donated blood in the years before they become ill, and a major concern has arisen about the risk of transmitting disease through the administration of contaminated blood or blood products. Infectivity in blood components and Cohn plasma fractions was examined in two different experimental studies: (1) high input infectivity in normal human blood that had been """"""""spiked"""""""" with a suspension of trypsinized intact cells from a scrapie-infected hamster brain, and (2) low (indigenous) infectivity in the blood of mice inoculated with a mouse- adapted strain of human CJD. Infectivity was assayed by intracerebral inoculation of normal hamsters (scrapie or mice CJD). High levels of scrapie """"""""spike"""""""" infectivity were recovered in all blood components, cryoprecipitate, and fraction I + II + III, with considerably less infectivity in the last two fractions. CJD-infected mice had very low ow levels of infectivity in buffy coat, plasma, plasma cryoprecipitate, and plasma fraction I + II + III, and no infectivity in the last two fractions. Thus, the potential risk of CJD transmission from buffy coat, plasma, factor VIII, or immune globulin (derived from the first two Cohn fractions) appears to be very low, and to be nonexistent for factor IX complex and albumin (derived from the last two fractions).

Funding Agency

• Agency: National Institute of Health (NIH)
• Institute: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
• Type: Intramural Research (Z01)
• Project #: 1Z01NS002957-01
• Application #: 6163144
• Study Section: Special Emphasis Panel (CNSS)
• Support Year: 1
• Fiscal Year: 1997

Institution

• Name: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
• Country: United States

Publications

Artwohl, James; Brown, Patricia; Corning, Brian et al. (2006) Report of the ACLAM Task Force on Rodent Euthanasia. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 45:98-105

Liberski, Pawel P; Brown, Paul (2004) Kuru: a half-opened window onto the landscape of neurodegenerative diseases. Folia Neuropathol 42 Suppl A:3-14

Liberski, Pawel P; Brown, Paul (2004) Prion diseases: from transmission experiments to structural biology--still searching for the cause. Folia Neuropathol 42 Suppl A:15-32

Magill, Peter J; Sharott, Andrew; Bolam, J Paul et al. (2004) Brain state-dependency of coherent oscillatory activity in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia of the rat. J Neurophysiol 92:2122-36

Loukas, Constantinos; Brown, Peter (2004) Online prediction of self-paced hand-movements from subthalamic activity using neural networks in Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Methods 137:193-205

Read, Jennifer P; Brown, Pamela J; Kahler, Christopher W (2004) Substance use and posttraumatic stress disorders: symptom interplay and effects on outcome. Addict Behav 29:1665-72

Jarvest, Richard L; Armstrong, Sula A; Berge, John M et al. (2004) Definition of the heterocyclic pharmacophore of bacterial methionyl tRNA synthetase inhibitors: potent antibacterially active non-quinolone analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 14:3937-41

Rowe, Kevin C; Heske, Edward J; Brown, Patrick W et al. (2004) Surviving the ice: Northern refugia and postglacial colonization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:10355-9

McCaffrey, Ramona L; Fawcett, Paul; O'Riordan, Mary et al. (2004) A specific gene expression program triggered by Gram-positive bacteria in the cytosol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:11386-91

Sharples, Edward J; Patel, Nimesh; Brown, Paul et al. (2004) Erythropoietin protects the kidney against the injury and dysfunction caused by ischemia-reperfusion. J Am Soc Nephrol 15:2115-24