Type I interferons (IFNs) are cytokines, that are important regulators of immune responses and are downregulated in human cancers, including skin cancer, Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a proven environmental carcinogen, and exposure to solar radiation contributes to the high prevalence of skin cancer. The carcinogenic effects of UV light can be attributed to the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and errors in repair and replication of DNA. It is believed that type I IFNs reduce cellular proliferation and allow DNA repair in various diseases. This suggests that type I IFNs may play a key role in repair of UVB induced DNA damage. Our studies show that mice lacking the type I IFN receptor 1 (IFNAR1) had decreased repair of UVB induced CPD in the skin and increased immunosuppression. Regulation of type I IFNs has been well studied at the transcriptional level but there is a dearth of information on regulation at the post-transcriptional level. K-homology type regulatory splicing protein (KSRP) has been shown to regulate the production of type I IFNs, at the post-transcriptional level in response to viral infection, by promoting the decay of their mRNA. We have found that KSRP inhibits the repair of CPD in mouse skin and is highly expressed in human skin tumors compared to normal skin. We hypothesize that type I IFNs will repair UVB induced DNA damage and prevent tumor development in mice. These type I IFN mediated processes will be regulated by KSRP. To test our hypothesis, we will use mice, lacking IFNAR1, which is critical for signaling of type I IFNs, and mice lacking KSRP. Using these unique mouse models, we will be able to (1) Determine the mechanisms by which type I IFNs are produced after UVB induced DNA damage, the cell type that produces them, and the manner in which they repair the CPD formed after exposure to UVB radiation; (2) Dissect the mechanism of regulation of type I IFNs by KSRP, after UVB induced DNA damage; (3) Elucidate whether type I IFNs mediate development of UVB induced skin tumors and whether KSRP contributes to their regulation in this process.

Public Health Relevance

In this proposal we will evaluate the mechanisms through which type I IFNs regulate UVB induced DNA damage and skin tumor development. We will also determine whether type I IFNs are regulated by K-homology type regulatory splicing protein (KSRP) in this process. The information obtained from this proposal will be used to develop preventive strategies for management of pre-malignant cutaneous lesions before they develop into skin cancer.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01AR071157-01A1
Application #
9238330
Study Section
Radiation Therapeutics and Biology Study Section (RTB)
Program Officer
Cibotti, Ricardo
Project Start
2016-09-20
Project End
2021-08-31
Budget Start
2016-09-20
Budget End
2017-08-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
$323,400
Indirect Cost
$103,400
Name
University of Alabama Birmingham
Department
Dermatology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
063690705
City
Birmingham
State
AL
Country
United States
Zip Code
35294
Sherwani, Mohammad Asif; Tufail, Saba; Muzaffar, Anum Fatima et al. (2018) The skin microbiome and immune system: Potential target for chemoprevention? Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 34:25-34
Sherwani, Mohammad Asif; Yang, Kevin; Jani, Aditi et al. (2018) Protective Effect of Baicalin Against TLR4-mediated UVA-induced Skin Inflammation. Photochem Photobiol :
Ergen, Elizabeth N; Yusuf, Nabiha (2018) Inhibition of interleukin-12 and/or interleukin-23 for the treatment of psoriasis: What is the evidence for an effect on malignancy? Exp Dermatol 27:737-747
Ahmad, Israr; Guroji, Purushotham; DeBrot, Amanda H et al. (2017) Loss of INK4a/Arf gene enhances ultraviolet radiation-induced cutaneous tumor development. Exp Dermatol 26:1018-1025