Curcumin, a polyphenol isolated from the plant turmeric, is recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic bioactivities. t is currently being evaluated in multiple clinical trials for the prevention or treatment of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, and also for intestinal cancers. Although a large number of in vitro targets of curcumin have been identified, the precise chemical-molecular mechanism(s) of its biological activities have not been elucidated. We have discovered a novel, previously unrecognized oxidative transformation of curcumin, and we have detected abundant levels of the oxidative metabolites in plasma and intestinal mucosa after oral administration of curcumin to mice. The oxidative transformation of curcumin is rapid, prominent, and gives rise to novel metabolites via reactive intermediates, including a quinone methide and a spiro-epoxide intermediate. The major final product is a dioxygenated cyclopentadione derivative of curcumin. We will test the hypothesis that the products of oxidative transformation are mediators of pharmacological effects of curcumin.
In Specific Aim 1 we will determine biological consequences of oxidative transformation of curcumin. Specifically, we will analyze the mechanism of inhibition of reduced and oxidized IKK by electrophilic and nucleophilic curcumin metabolites, the mechanism of induction of DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II, and protein and DNA adduct formation by the quinone methide intermediate.
In Specific Aim 2 we will identify the products and intermediates of oxidative transformation of curcumin and determine their mechanism of formation.
In Specific Aim 3 we will determine in vivo metabolism, tissue distribution, and pharmacokinetics of curcumin and its metabolites using a novel LC-MS methodology with quantification by isotopically labeled standards. The concept of oxidative activation could result in a new paradigm of understanding the structure and function of curcumin with important implications for its clinical application as a therapeutic CAM agent.

Public Health Relevance

Increasing biochemical and clinical evidence supports the use of the dietary supplement curcumin for the prevention of disease. The goal of this application is to characterize the function and formation of products formed from curcumin in the body that could be involved in its biological activity.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AT006896-03
Application #
8790953
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAT1-SM (27))
Program Officer
Williamson, John S
Project Start
2013-01-01
Project End
2017-12-31
Budget Start
2015-01-01
Budget End
2015-12-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$780,178
Indirect Cost
$263,910
Name
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004413456
City
Nashville
State
TN
Country
United States
Zip Code
37212
Singh, Kshipra; Coburn, Lori A; Asim, Mohammad et al. (2018) Ornithine Decarboxylase in Macrophages Exacerbates Colitis and Promotes Colitis-Associated Colon Carcinogenesis by Impairing M1 Immune Responses. Cancer Res 78:4303-4315
Skiba, Meghan B; Luis, Paula B; Alfafara, Chelsea et al. (2018) Curcuminoid Content and Safety-Related Markers of Quality of Turmeric Dietary Supplements Sold in an Urban Retail Marketplace in the United States. Mol Nutr Food Res :e1800143
Gobert, Alain P; Al-Greene, Nicole T; Singh, Kshipra et al. (2018) Distinct Immunomodulatory Effects of Spermine Oxidase in Colitis Induced by Epithelial Injury or Infection. Front Immunol 9:1242
Joseph, Akil I; Edwards, Rebecca L; Luis, Paula B et al. (2018) Stability and anti-inflammatory activity of the reduction-resistant curcumin analog, 2,6-dimethyl-curcumin. Org Biomol Chem 16:3273-3281
Hardbower, Dana M; Asim, Mohammad; Luis, Paula B et al. (2017) Ornithine decarboxylase regulates M1 macrophage activation and mucosal inflammation via histone modifications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E751-E760
Fernández-Del-Río, Lucía; Nag, Anish; Gutiérrez Casado, Elena et al. (2017) Kaempferol increases levels of coenzyme Q in kidney cells and serves as a biosynthetic ring precursor. Free Radic Biol Med 110:176-187
Luis, Paula B; Gordon, Odaine N; Nakashima, Fumie et al. (2017) Oxidative metabolism of curcumin-glucuronide by peroxidases and isolated human leukocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 132:143-149
Giménez-Bastida, Juan A; Shibata, Takahiro; Uchida, Koji et al. (2017) Roles of 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the biosynthesis of hemiketals E2 and D2 by activated human leukocytes. FASEB J 31:1867-1878
Edwards, Rebecca L; Luis, Paula B; Varuzza, Paolo V et al. (2017) The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is mediated by its oxidative metabolites. J Biol Chem 292:21243-21252
Gordon, Odaine N; Luis, Paula B; Ashley, Rachel E et al. (2015) Oxidative Transformation of Demethoxy- and Bisdemethoxycurcumin: Products, Mechanism of Formation, and Poisoning of Human Topoisomerase II?. Chem Res Toxicol 28:989-96

Showing the most recent 10 out of 14 publications