Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a tumor disorder characterized by development of bilateral vestibular schwannomas also called acoustic neuromas. 98% of all NF2 patients experience partial to complete loss of hearing. Treatment for NF2 is balanced between monitoring tumor growth and the slow but progressive loss of hearing with surgical removal of larger tumors impinging on brainstem function and complete and permanent deafness. Cochlear and auditory brainstem implants have been used to partially restore hearing in a subset of patients with varying success. Therapeutics that slow or reverse tumor growth whilst maintaining hearing are currently lacking. This proposal tests the hypothesis that correcting the cytoskeletal defects in supernumerary schwannoma cells lacking function of the nf2 gene product, schwannomin/merlin, will allow these cells to interact with axons and receive cues promoting their differentiation and/or apoptosis. Identifying proteins that directly bind actin and regulate Schwann cell morphology is of the utmost importance. These proteins can serve as targets for drugs that will repair actin dynamics in schwannoma cells and restore axonal contact. Alternatively, drugs that modify actin regulatory proteins could promote cell death as a result of failed cytokinesis and mitotic spindle organization. One function of schwanomin/merlin is to inhibit Cdc42/Rac activation of p21 activated kinase (PAK). We will investigate LIM kinase (LIMK) and cofilin, terminal targets in a PAK signaling pathway. LIMK is a substrate for PAK, thus its activity is predicted to be high in schwannomas. Cofilin is a ubiquitously expressed actin-binding factor that depolymerizes f-actin and creates nucleation sites for new actin polymerization. Cofilin's function is inhibited by phosphorylation on serine-3 by LIMK. Our preliminary studies demonstrate that LIMK and cofilin modulate actin dynamics and function in Schwann cells. Moreover, our results suggest that LIMK and cofilin act down-stream of Schwannomin/merlin. We propose studies to: 1) identify the role of these proteins in controlling actin polymerization and cellular function in normal rat Schwann cells, 2) establish an in vitro model for NF2 using nf2ex2deleted mouse SCs to determine if inactivation of schwannomin/merlin leads to de-regulation of LIMK and cofilin activity and loss of SC function, and 3) determine if modulators of LIMK and cofilin restore the morphology and function of nf2ex2deleted SCs. These studies are initial steps in validating LIMK and/or cofilin as drug targets for development of an effective treatment for NF2 aimed at preserving hearing.

Public Health Relevance

The work in this proposal is relevant to the loss of hearing caused by Neurofibromatosis type 2. This disorder is characterized by development of bilateral acoustic schwannomas and loss of hearing in 98% of patients. As an outcome of this proposal, we hope to create a well characterized in vitro model for NF2 and advance a novel therapeutic direction, the actin modifying proteins LIMK and cofilin.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DC010189-04
Application #
8278031
Study Section
Auditory System Study Section (AUD)
Program Officer
Watson, Bracie
Project Start
2009-07-01
Project End
2014-06-30
Budget Start
2012-07-01
Budget End
2013-06-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$288,147
Indirect Cost
$84,504
Name
University of Central Florida
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
150805653
City
Orlando
State
FL
Country
United States
Zip Code
32826
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Dinh, Christine T; Bracho, Olena; Mei, Christine et al. (2018) A Xenograft Model of Vestibular Schwannoma and Hearing Loss. Otol Neurotol 39:e362-e369
Petrilli, A M; Fernández-Valle, C (2016) Role of Merlin/NF2 inactivation in tumor biology. Oncogene 35:537-48
Petrilli, A; Copik, A; Posadas, M et al. (2014) LIM domain kinases as potential therapeutic targets for neurofibromatosis type 2. Oncogene 33:3571-82
Widemann, Brigitte C; Acosta, Maria T; Ammoun, Sylvia et al. (2014) CTF meeting 2012: Translation of the basic understanding of the biology and genetics of NF1, NF2, and schwannomatosis toward the development of effective therapies. Am J Med Genet A 164A:563-78
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Thaxton, Courtney; Bott, Marga; Walker, Barbara et al. (2011) Schwannomin/merlin promotes Schwann cell elongation and influences myelin segment length. Mol Cell Neurosci 47:1-9