Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and associated health consequences are alarming, but successful treatment remains a significant challenge, because the underlying causes are complex. In addition to the physiological energy and nutrient needs, external, environmental influences can drive appetite and eating through cognitive and hedonic processes, independently from hunger. Substantial progress has been made in our understanding the homeostatic regulation of food intake and body weight and the integration between physiological and central mechanisms within the hypothalamic and brainstem circuitries. Much less is known about the neural mechanisms mediating environmental influences, yet they are important in health and disease. Cues from the environment can become signals for food through associative learning, and based on that acquired ability can control feeding behavior. These cognitive processes enhance survival when they function in concert with homeostatic control and their stimulatory effects may have been adaptive in the past when energy resources were scarce. The developed world is rich in easily accessible palatable foods and stimulatory effects of omnipresent food cues are maladaptive, as they drive overeating and weight gain. Thus, determining the neural mechanisms underlying this cognitive, non-homeostatic motivation to eat is crucial for potential therapeutic interventions. The core components of the forebrain network underlying cue-induced feeding have been identified and include the basolateral area of the amygdala (BLA), the lateral hypothalamus and orexin/hypocretin (ORX) neurons, and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Much remains unknown about the temporal functional connectivity within this network and it is critical to determine which specific circuit and neurotransmitter system is the controller of food motivation at test. The proposed studies will utilize cutting-edge chemogenetic methods, DREADDs and Daun02 inactivation, and precise neuroanatomical and neurochemical techniques to establish a novel vmPFC circuitry with the anterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVTa) and ORX receptor 1 signaling is the key controller?an on/off switch within the network?for cognitive food motivation (Aim 1 & 2). Another goal is to determine if this integrative function is mediated by the vmPFC neuronal ensemble plasticity, through dynamic communications with the BLA and PVTa (Aim 3). These mechanisms will be interrogated in behavioral preparations for cue- induced consumption (Aim 1) and persistent food seeking (context-mediated renewal of extinguished responding to food cues;
Aim 2) in male and female rats. Sex differences in context renewal of food seeking were recently established and experiments here will test whether the vmPFC and PVTa are sites of sex- specific regulation via connections with the ventral hippocampal formation. The findings from these studies will establish key neurotransmitter and circuitry mechanisms mediating cognitive food motivation and potential sites of sex differences and novel targets for treatment of insatiable appetite and overeating.

Public Health Relevance

Obesity is a serious health problem and successful treatment remains a significant challenge because the underlying causes are complex. Environmental influences, particularly cues for food, can powerfully stimulate appetite and food consumption without hunger. Using animal models for cue-induced food seeking and consumption, the proposed studies aim to determine the critical brain mechanisms and targets for potential treatment of excessive appetite and overeating.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01DK085721-06
Application #
9309181
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-IFCN-C (02))
Program Officer
Yanovski, Susan Z
Project Start
2010-06-15
Project End
2021-02-28
Budget Start
2017-04-01
Budget End
2018-02-28
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
$486,709
Indirect Cost
$171,814
Name
Boston College
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
045896339
City
Chestnut Hill
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02467
Anderson, Lauren C; Petrovich, Gorica D (2018) Distinct recruitment of the hippocampal, thalamic, and amygdalar neurons projecting to the prelimbic cortex in male and female rats during context-mediated renewal of responding to food cues. Neurobiol Learn Mem 150:25-35
Petrovich, Gorica D (2018) Lateral Hypothalamus as a Motivation-Cognition Interface in the Control of Feeding Behavior. Front Syst Neurosci 12:14
Anderson, Lauren C; Petrovich, Gorica D (2018) Ventromedial prefrontal cortex mediates sex differences in persistent cognitive drive for food. Sci Rep 8:2230
Keefer, Sara E; Petrovich, Gorica D (2017) Distinct recruitment of basolateral amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex pathways across Pavlovian appetitive conditioning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 141:27-32
Anderson, Lauren C; Petrovich, Gorica D (2017) Sex specific recruitment of a medial prefrontal cortex-hippocampal-thalamic system during context-dependent renewal of responding to food cues in rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 139:11-21
Cole, Sindy; Stone, Andrew D; Petrovich, Gorica D (2017) The dorsomedial striatum mediates Pavlovian appetitive conditioning and food consumption. Behav Neurosci 131:447-453
Keefer, Sara E; Cole, Sindy; Petrovich, Gorica D (2016) Orexin/hypocretin receptor 1 signaling mediates Pavlovian cue-food conditioning and extinction. Physiol Behav 162:27-36
Reppucci, Christina J; Petrovich, Gorica D (2016) Organization of connections between the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and lateral hypothalamus: a single and double retrograde tracing study in rats. Brain Struct Funct 221:2937-62
Cole, Sindy; Mayer, Heather S; Petrovich, Gorica D (2015) Orexin/Hypocretin-1 Receptor Antagonism Selectively Reduces Cue-Induced Feeding in Sated Rats and Recruits Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Thalamus. Sci Rep 5:16143
Ulrich-Lai, Yvonne M; Fulton, Stephanie; Wilson, Mark et al. (2015) Stress exposure, food intake and emotional state. Stress 18:381-99

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