The decay of mRNA is a key step in eukaryotic gene expression. It is important for early animal development, differentiation, proliferation, the immune response and ensures quality control of gene expression. A critical step in eukaryotic mRNA decay is the removal of the protective 5' terminal cap structure, which precedes and permits degradation of the RNA body by exoribonucleases. The decapping holoenzyme is a ribonucleoprotein assembly containing a catalytic core comprised of Dcp2, activators, and substrate RNA. Dcp1 is an essential interaction partner of Dcp2 that directly enhances enzyme activity. It also functions as a protein interaction platform that allows Dcp1/2 to be recruited to specific transcripts, and promotes cap hydrolysis through a poorly understood mechanism. The Dcp1/2 complex can exist in an ensemble of open and closed states in solution, and prior work suggests conversion to the closed form can impart a switch-like response in activity. Flexibility has encumbered resolution of the active form of the Dcp1/2 complex by crystallography; therefore, in Aim 1 we will determine the structure of the closed, active form of Dcp1/2 bound to non-hydrolyzable cap analogue using an integrated modeling platform that incorporates restraints from structural and biochemical studies. Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is a quality control pathway that eliminates transcripts with premature termination codons that would otherwise encode harmful, truncated proteins. Proline-rich nuclear co-receptor 2 (PNRC2), a protein linked to adipogenesis and obesity, promotes decapping of non-sense containing transcripts during NMD and degradation of normal transcripts during Staufen mediated mRNA decay. It functions as an adaptor, linking Dcp1 to trans acting factors that recognize mRNA. PNRC2 also stimulates decapping activity and contains a deeply conserved motif that is required for this effect.
In Aim 2 we will study the mechanism of PNRC2 stimulation of decapping during NMD using a combination of in vitro kinetic assays and functional studies in mammalian cells.
In Aim 3 we will determine the structural basis for PNRC2 activation of the Dcp1/2 complex using x-ray crystallography in combination with SAXS. These studies will define how adaptors that link Dcp1/2 to specific mRNA decay pathways play a dual role in recruitment and activation. More broadly, the project addresses an emerging paradigm in RNA biology of how a weak, non- specific enzymatic activity can be recruited to a specific mRNA and then activated robustly by associated protein cofactors to ensure correct targeting of substrates.

Public Health Relevance

The expression of thousands of human genes is regulated by the coordinated destruction of messenger RNA (mRNA). Mutations in protein factors that control this process are observed in human diseases, including several genetic disorders and childhood obesity. We seek to understand molecular mechanisms controlling mRNA decapping: the penultimate, irreversible step committing an mRNA to destruction. The biochemical and structural details provided by these studies may pave the way to treat inherited genetic disorders.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM078360-08
Application #
9220831
Study Section
Macromolecular Structure and Function B Study Section (MSFB)
Program Officer
Preusch, Peter
Project Start
2008-12-01
Project End
2019-02-28
Budget Start
2017-03-01
Budget End
2018-02-28
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
$270,503
Indirect Cost
$97,253
Name
University of California San Francisco
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Pharmacy
DUNS #
094878337
City
San Francisco
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94118
Mugridge, Jeffrey S; Tibble, Ryan W; Ziemniak, Marcin et al. (2018) Structure of the activated Edc1-Dcp1-Dcp2-Edc3 mRNA decapping complex with substrate analog poised for catalysis. Nat Commun 9:1152
Paquette, David R; Mugridge, Jeffrey S; Weinberg, David E et al. (2018) Application of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe Edc1-fused Dcp1-Dcp2 decapping enzyme for transcription start site mapping. RNA 24:251-257
Paquette, David R; Tibble, Ryan W; Daifuku, Tristan S et al. (2018) Control of mRNA decapping by autoinhibition. Nucleic Acids Res 46:6318-6329
Ziemniak, Marcin; Mugridge, Jeffrey S; Kowalska, Joanna et al. (2016) Two-headed tetraphosphate cap analogs are inhibitors of the Dcp1/2 RNA decapping complex. RNA 22:518-29
Mugridge, Jeffrey S; Ziemniak, Marcin; Jemielity, Jacek et al. (2016) Structural basis of mRNA-cap recognition by Dcp1-Dcp2. Nat Struct Mol Biol 23:987-994
Fraser, James S; Gross, John D; Krogan, Nevan J (2013) From systems to structure: bridging networks and mechanism. Mol Cell 49:222-31
Aglietti, Robin A; Floor, Stephen N; McClendon, Chris L et al. (2013) Active site conformational dynamics are coupled to catalysis in the mRNA decapping enzyme Dcp2. Structure 21:1571-80
Mugridge, Jeffrey S; Gross, John D (2013) Judge, jury, and executioner: DXO functions as a decapping enzyme and exoribonuclease in pre-mRNA quality control. Mol Cell 50:2-4
Floor, Stephen N; Borja, Mark S; Gross, John D (2012) Interdomain dynamics and coactivation of the mRNA decapping enzyme Dcp2 are mediated by a gatekeeper tryptophan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:2872-7
Borja, Mark S; Piotukh, Kirill; Freund, Christian et al. (2011) Dcp1 links coactivators of mRNA decapping to Dcp2 by proline recognition. RNA 17:278-90

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