The American Heart Association recently released guidelines recommending the use of 21% oxygen during initial resuscitation of term newborn infants and use of blended supplemental oxygen to maintain target saturations in premature infants. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends maintaining PaO2 between 50 and 80 mmHg in the management of sick neonates. These recommendations are based on studies using oxygen saturations in human infants and through translational studies in neonatal animal models without lung disease. Optimal oxygen concentration and target oxygen saturation range during resuscitation and ventilation of preterm and term neonates with lung injury/disease from a standpoint of tissue oxygen delivery and oxygen toxicity is not known. The overall goal of oxygen therapy is to provide adequate oxygen to meet tissue demand without risking oxygen toxicity. The overarching aim of this proposal is to determine the optimal concentration of inspired oxygen during resuscitation and ventilation of a newborn lamb with parenchymal lung disease/ lung injury. Two patterns of neonatal lung injury will be studied in this proposal. In ter lambs injury will be induced by aspiration of meconium during gasping respirations induced as a consequence of umbilical cord occlusion and asphyxia (asphyxia-MAS group). Preterm lambs delivered at 126d gestation (term ~ 145d) have parenchymal lung injury as a consequence of surfactant deficiency and respiratory distress syndrome (preterm-RDS group). Lambs will be resuscitated and ventilated with 21% oxygen, 100% oxygen or adjusted inspired oxygen concentration to maintain oxygen saturations between 85 to 89%, 90 to 94% or 95 to 99%. The first specific aim of this proposal is to determine the effect inspired oxygen concentration and saturations on oxygenation, lung oxygen uptake and oxygen delivery to the tissues. The second specific aim is to evaluate the effect of oxygen concentration and saturations on pulmonary, cerebral, coronary and ductal hemodynamics and assess delivery of oxygen to various vital organs. We intend to evaluate the risk of oxidant injury in the lung and brain associated with various levels of oxygen through our last specific aim.

Public Health Relevance

Oxygen supplementation during resuscitation and subsequent ventilation of newborn infants with lung disease is a delicate balance between providing adequate tissue oxygen delivery and formation of free radicals that overwhelm their deficient antioxidant defense system. The recently published SUPPORT trial report has heightened concern about lack of specific physiological knowledge regarding oxygen supplementation, delivery and toxicity in newborn infants. Data obtained from this grant will provide physiological data and aid in establishment of future guidelines for optimal oxygen delivery in preterm and term neonates with lung disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
4R01HD072929-05
Application #
9054668
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Raju, Tonse N
Project Start
2012-08-06
Project End
2017-04-30
Budget Start
2016-05-01
Budget End
2017-04-30
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
State University of New York at Buffalo
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
038633251
City
Amherst
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
14228
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Chandrasekharan, P; Rawat, M; Reynolds, A M et al. (2018) Apnea, bradycardia and desaturation spells in premature infants: impact of a protocol for the duration of 'spell-free' observation on interprovider variability and readmission rates. J Perinatol 38:86-91
Chandrasekharan, Praveen; Rawat, Munmun; Gugino, Sylvia F et al. (2018) Effect of various inspired oxygen concentrations on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics and oxygenation during resuscitation in a transitioning preterm model. Pediatr Res 84:743-750
Vali, Payam; Vento, Maximo; Underwood, Mark et al. (2018) Free radical damage can cause serious long-lasting effects. Acta Paediatr 107:2099
Chandrasekharan, Praveen; Lakshminrusimha, Satyan (2017) The effectiveness of oral dextrose gel for the treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia remains unclear. Evid Based Nurs 20:80-81
Chandrasekharan, P; Rawat, M; Lakshminrusimha, S (2017) Complications of prematurity: an infographic. J Perinatol 37:1185-1186
Katheria, A C; Lakshminrusimha, S; Rabe, H et al. (2017) Placental transfusion: a review. J Perinatol 37:105-111
Vali, Payam; Chandrasekharan, Praveen; Rawat, Munmun et al. (2017) Continuous Chest Compressions During Sustained Inflations in a Perinatal Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Lamb Model. Pediatr Crit Care Med 18:e370-e377
Chandrasekharan, Praveen; Lakshminrusimha, Satyan (2017) Single dose of prophylactic oral dextrose gel reduces neonatal hypoglycaemia. Evid Based Med 22:62
Vali, Payam; Lakshminrusimha, Satyan (2017) The Fetus Can Teach Us: Oxygen and the Pulmonary Vasculature. Children (Basel) 4:

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