verbatim): The PI has studied the role of the cardiac renin angiotensin system (RAS)/chymase system in mechanisms of angiotensin II (ANG II) formation in the heart in response to volume overload heart failure. These studies demonstrated increased expression of RAS and chymase in the dog heart associated with LV dilatation (decreased wall thickness/diameter ratio), increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, and dissolution of the fine collagen weave. Neither suppression of tissue ANG II with ACE inhibitor, nor blockade of the AT1 receptor modulated this remodeling process. Further, heterozygote ACE knockout mice (1/0), having 40 percent of tissue ACE activity compared to wild type, had a significantly lower w/t diameter ratio than wild type mice in response to volume overload. There was a failure to downregulate LV MMP activity in the 1/0 mice vs. 1/1 mice and in dogs with chronic MR. In both animal models, chymase activity was upregulated and not effected by blockade of the RAS. There is recent compelling evidence that remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is regulated by MMPs in dilated cardiomyopathy. Inhibition of tissue ACE, by its effect of decreasing ANG II and increasing bradykinin (BK), can promote MMP synthesis and activation. In addition, chymase can also directly cleave and activate MMPs. Thus, the hypothesis of the current proposal is that tissue concentrations of ACE and chymase mediate the LV remodeling pattern in response to volume overload by their influence on myocardial MMP activational state. The PI will measure interstitial fluid (ISF) ANG II, BK, and MMP activational state in the conscious rat (low chymase/ACE activity ratio) and hamster (high chymase/ACE activity ratio) in response to volume overload stress. This approach combined with targeted transgenic models of variable ACE expression and increased chymase expression will relate in-vivo LV function and collagen weave by scanning EM to MMP activation. Viral vectors for chymase antisense will be utilized in the heart failure models in the rat, hamster, and mouse. In the absence of an orally effective chymase inhibitor, this approach will answer important questions regarding the physiological importance of the relative concentrations of ACE and chymase in LV remodeling in heart failure.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01HL054816-05
Application #
6286749
Study Section
Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research A Study Section (CVA)
Program Officer
Liang, Isabella Y
Project Start
1995-08-01
Project End
2006-01-31
Budget Start
2001-02-15
Budget End
2002-01-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2001
Total Cost
$322,875
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Alabama Birmingham
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004514360
City
Birmingham
State
AL
Country
United States
Zip Code
35294
Biederman, Robert W W; Young, Alistair A; Doyle, Mark et al. (2015) Regional Heterogeneity in 3D Myocardial Shortening in Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Cardiovascular CMR Tagging Substudy to the Life Study. J Biomed Sci Eng 8:213-225
Gladden, James D; Zelickson, Blake R; Guichard, Jason L et al. (2013) Xanthine oxidase inhibition preserves left ventricular systolic but not diastolic function in cardiac volume overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 305:H1440-50
Chen, Yuan-Wen; Pat, Betty; Gladden, James D et al. (2011) Dynamic molecular and histopathological changes in the extracellular matrix and inflammation in the transition to heart failure in isolated volume overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 300:H2251-60
Ulasova, Elena; Gladden, James D; Chen, Yuanwen et al. (2011) Loss of interstitial collagen causes structural and functional alterations of cardiomyocyte subsarcolemmal mitochondria in acute volume overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 50:147-56
Gladden, James D; Zelickson, Blake R; Wei, Chih-Chang et al. (2011) Novel insights into interactions between mitochondria and xanthine oxidase in acute cardiac volume overload. Free Radic Biol Med 51:1975-84
Chen, Yuanwen; Pat, Betty; Zheng, Junying et al. (2010) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha produced in cardiomyocytes mediates a predominant myocardial inflammatory response to stretch in early volume overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 49:70-8
Wei, Chih-Chang; Hase, Naoki; Inoue, Yukiko et al. (2010) Mast cell chymase limits the cardiac efficacy of Ang I-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in rodents. J Clin Invest 120:1229-39
Ahmed, Mustafa I; McGiffin, David C; O'Rourke, Robert A et al. (2009) Mitral regurgitation. Curr Probl Cardiol 34:93-136
Biederman, Robert W W; Doyle, Mark; Young, Alistair A et al. (2008) Marked regional left ventricular heterogeneity in hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy patients: a losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance and echocardiographic substudy. Hypertension 52:279-86
Pat, Betty; Killingsworth, Cheryl; Denney, Thomas et al. (2008) Dissociation between cardiomyocyte function and remodeling with beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in isolated canine mitral regurgitation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 295:H2321-7

Showing the most recent 10 out of 31 publications