Child abuse, a form of violence inflicted on children, is a complex, insidious problem that, although occurring more frequently in families residing in poverty, cuts across all sectors of society. The human costs of child abuse are a litany of biological and psychological tragedies that may last a lifetime. The economic costs for American society are astronomical, with billions of dollars spent in psychiatric, social services, educational, and justice system costs, as well as lessened productivity for a generation of abused children. Discovering the processes underlying the development of psychopathology and resilience among these traumatized children offers great promise for translating these findings to inform prevention, intervention, and social policy initiatives. Child abuse is a pathogenic relational experience that represents one of the most adverse and stressful challenges confronting children. Before effective treatments can be developed, a clear understanding of the mechanisms and processes that initiate and maintain the developmental pathways to maladaptation and mental disorder in abused children is needed. The discovery of processes that contribute to abused children averting mental disorder can be very informative in guiding translational research and treatment development. Because research on the causes and consequences of child abuse has largely focused on a single level of analysis, the present application addresses this significant gap in the literature through implementing a multiple levels of analysis perspective. In the context of a research day camp, two cohorts of 8- to 10-year-old abused and nonmaltreated children (N = 500) will be assessed in two consecutive summers over four years. The interrelations among genetic, neuroendocrine, neurophysiological, neurocognitive, self-system, inter- personal, and emotion regulation domains will be examined in order to elucidate an integrative understanding of trauma-related psychopathology in abused children. The measurement battery is diverse and is comprised of interviews, observations, experimental paradigms, child and adult reports, and molecular genetic, neurophysiological, neuroendocrine and neurocognitive assessments of biological and behavioral functioning. This multi-level, multi-measure, multi-informant approach will enable researchers to comprehend the complexity of the full range of adaptation and maladaptation in abused children. The proposed research, through attention to expected individual differences among abused children, will emphasize varied patterns of adaptation to traumatic experiences and associated biological and psychological processes contributing to these differentiated patterns. The findings will augment the knowledge base regarding the sequelae of child abuse and the etiology of trauma-based psychopathology, and the knowledge gained will inform prevention and intervention initiatives to divert abused children from the development of trauma-related psychopathology and contribute toward reducing the burden of mental illness in traumatized children.

Public Health Relevance

Child abuse, including sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, exerts a pernicious toll on the biological and psychological development of children, rendering them likely to be more vulnerable to being subjected to and traumatized by community violence and to be at heightened risk for the emergence of mental disorders across the life course. The findings obtained in the shot-term longitudinal investigation of abused and nonmaltreated children describe in this application will enhance understanding of the biological and psychological pathways to psychopathology and resilience in abused children. Importantly, they also will guide translational research through informing preventive and intervention initiatives aimed at diverting abused children from psychopathology and reducing the burden of mental illness in these traumatized children.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH083979-02
Application #
7874654
Study Section
Psychosocial Development, Risk and Prevention Study Section (PDRP)
Program Officer
Sarampote, Christopher S
Project Start
2009-06-18
Project End
2014-03-31
Budget Start
2010-04-01
Budget End
2011-03-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$664,444
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Rochester
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
041294109
City
Rochester
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
14627
Rosen, Abigail L; Handley, Elizabeth D; Cicchetti, Dante et al. (2018) The impact of patterns of trauma exposure among low income children with and without histories of child maltreatment. Child Abuse Negl 80:301-311
Cicchetti, Dante; Handley, Elizabeth D (2017) Methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene, nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (NR3C1), in maltreated and nonmaltreated children: Associations with behavioral undercontrol, emotional lability/negativity, and externalizing and internalizi Dev Psychopathol 29:1795-1806
Doyle, Colleen; Cicchetti, Dante (2017) From the Cradle to the Grave: The Effect of Adverse Caregiving Environments on Attachment and Relationships Throughout the Lifespan. Clin Psychol (New York) 24:203-217
Cicchetti, Dante; Hetzel, Susan; Rogosch, Fred A et al. (2016) An investigation of child maltreatment and epigenetic mechanisms of mental and physical health risk. Dev Psychopathol 28:1305-1317
Cicchetti, Dante (2016) Socioemotional, Personality, and Biological Development: Illustrations from a Multilevel Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Child Maltreatment. Annu Rev Psychol 67:187-211
Vachon, David D; Krueger, Robert F; Rogosch, Fred A et al. (2015) Assessment of the Harmful Psychiatric and Behavioral Effects of Different Forms of Child Maltreatment. JAMA Psychiatry 72:1135-42
Handley, Elizabeth D; Rogosch, Fred A; Cicchetti, Dante (2015) Developmental pathways from child maltreatment to adolescent marijuana dependence: Examining moderation by FK506 binding protein 5 gene (FKBP5). Dev Psychopathol 27:1489-502
Thibodeau, Eric L; Cicchetti, Dante; Rogosch, Fred A (2015) Child maltreatment, impulsivity, and antisocial behavior in African American children: Moderation effects from a cumulative dopaminergic gene index. Dev Psychopathol 27:1621-36
Dackis, Melissa N; Rogosch, Fred A; Cicchetti, Dante (2015) Child maltreatment, callous-unemotional traits, and defensive responding in high-risk children: An investigation of emotion-modulated startle response. Dev Psychopathol 27:1527-45
Cicchetti, Dante; Handley, Elizabeth D; Rogosch, Fred A (2015) Child maltreatment, inflammation, and internalizing symptoms: Investigating the roles of C-reactive protein, gene variation, and neuroendocrine regulation. Dev Psychopathol 27:553-66

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