Visual processing abnormalities in schizophrenia (SZ) are pervasive, seen in a variety of paradigms, and typically large in magnitude. Despite their informative value, these impairments have received far less research attention than impairments associated with frontal and temporal cortical systems. Visual processing paradigms often have well-established neural bases and provide a direct way to investigate neural functioning in SZ. Partly as a result of reduced research emphasis there are fundamental gaps in our knowledge. One such gap is the absence of an integrated theory that satisfactorily explains the patterns of findings across the range of visual processing measures. A second is that we do not know the degree to which visual processing impairment extends across diagnoses for chronic mental illness, including SZ and bipolar disorder (BD). Although abnormalities in visual processing have been found in BD, few attempts have been made to examine performance in BD in a detailed manner across visual processing stages. The current application will test a theory of a core process that might help explain the range of visual processing impairment observed in SZ and BD. We hypothesize that an array of findings from our laboratory, and others, might be explained most parsimoniously as an abnormality in the tuning of neurons for object features (i.e., neurons are less able to generate specific neural responses to preferred visual objects versus visually similar objects; referred to as visual tuning). Visual processing for objects or object features occurs in the lateral occipital complex (LO). Although the literature on visual processing abnormalities in BD is smaller than that in SZ, such impairments have been found. The current application will evaluate whether such deficits in BD also stem from problems in visual tuning. The proposed study will recruit 90 SZ patients, 90 BD patients and 90 healthy controls that will be group- matched on key demographic variables. The subjects will participate in perceptual performance, electrophysiological (EEG), cognition, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) procedures to address the following three aims: 1) To examine visual neural tuning in SZ using specialized EEG and fMRI methods; 2) To examine visual neural tuning cross-diagnostically among SZ, BD, and healthy controls with specialized EEG and fMRI methods; and 3) To examine the implications of visual tuning deficits in SZ, BD, and healthy controls, including perception, higher-level cognition, and functioning. This program of research is consistent with several components of the NIMH Strategic Plan and the NIMH Research Domain Criteria project. Results from this research program will lead to information on the similarities and differences in visual processing between SZ and BD, and the underlying neural substrates of visual processing impairment in these conditions. Visual tuning is modifiable and can be reliably assessed in humans and animals, so this information will have implications for treatment development.

Public Health Relevance

This grant is designed to test a theory about the neural basis for visual perception problems in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Knowledge from this research project will lead to information on the underlying neural substrates of visual processing and cognition in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and may lead to innovative treatments, as well as alternative ways of evaluating new treatments. Knowledge of the pathways from neural processing to perceptual deficits and to cognition will help us to understand the factors that limi functional outcome in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH095878-04
Application #
8805851
Study Section
Neural Basis of Psychopathology, Addictions and Sleep Disorders Study Section (NPAS)
Program Officer
Morris, Sarah E
Project Start
2012-06-12
Project End
2016-02-29
Budget Start
2015-03-01
Budget End
2016-02-29
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Los Angeles
Department
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
092530369
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90095
Wynn, Jonathan K; Green, Michael F; Hellemann, Gerhard et al. (2018) The effects of curcumin on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cognition in schizophrenia: A randomized controlled study. Schizophr Res 195:572-573
Reavis, Eric A; Lee, Junghee; Wynn, Jonathan K et al. (2017) Linking optic radiation volume to visual perception in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res 190:102-106
Reavis, Eric A; Lee, Junghee; Wynn, Jonathan K et al. (2017) Assessing neural tuning for object perception in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with multivariate pattern analysis of fMRI data. Neuroimage Clin 16:491-497
Reavis, Eric A; Lee, Junghee; Wynn, Jonathan K et al. (2017) Cortical Thickness of Functionally Defined Visual Areas in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Cereb Cortex 27:2984-2993
Tabak, Naomi T; Horan, William P; Green, Michael F (2015) Mindfulness in schizophrenia: Associations with self-reported motivation, emotion regulation, dysfunctional attitudes, and negative symptoms. Schizophr Res 168:537-42